法律语言的含混性  

On Vagueness of Legal Language

作　　者：徐梦醒[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北大学政法与公共管理学院,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2018年第1期83-91,共9页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目"法律论证逻辑研究--面向‘法治中国’建设的整合性和应用性研究"(15AZX019);湖北省社会科学基金一般项目"法律论证规则研究"(2015130)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：含混性是语言的固有属性,含混性研究与建构一种逻辑清晰的人工语言体系努力伴随而生。含混性语言可以类型化为量的含混与质的含混,语义含混与语用含混。法律语言的含混性具有一定的特殊性,它既要面对"边界情形"问题,还与法律的普遍性效力存在张力。即使如此,面对显示案件中的价值判断和立场分歧,法官有时不得不应用含混性策略来权衡各方利益。法律语言的含混性能够确保法官自由裁量权的行使,拓展公民自由行为的空间,推进道德评估与价值衡量的多元化以及权力运作的平衡。对于法律含混性存在的弊端问题,可以从规范表述、法律思维和焦点转化等层面来化解。Vagueness is an intrinsic property of language. The pursuit for the construction of the artificial systematic language with logical clarity brings the problem of vagueness. Beside the division of quantitative or soritical and qualitative or combinatorial vagueness, it is noteworthy to pay attention to the division of vagueness from the perspective of semantics and pragmatics. Borderline cases emerge frequently from the context of pragmatic vagueness, accompanied by the tension with the universality of legal effect. The vagueness,originated the necessity of value judgment and realistic complexity, can function as strategy for judge to manage the discretion power,for citizens to be entitled the freedom of choice with the flexibility, for the variety of criterion for moral judgment and valuing, and for the balancing among the institutional strength of judges and policy makers, while corresponding disadvantages still exist. It is worthwhile attaching importance to dealing with these problems from the formulation of legal system,legal thinking and transform of legal thesis.

关 键 词：法律语言 含混性 语用学 司法价值 

分 类 号：D920.5[政治法律—法学]