青海湟水河大型底栖动物群落结构及生态系统健康评价  

Community Structure of Macrobenthos and Assessment of Ecosystem Health in Huangshui River, Qinghai Province

作　　者：李宁[1] 杨春江[1] 孙瑜旸 白露超 陈阿兰[1] 马国良[1] 马琪[1] 

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院农林系,西宁810016

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2017年第35期141-148,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"青藏高原城镇化对水生昆虫多样性的影响机制"(31560601);青海省自然基金项目"城镇化对湟水河水生昆虫多样性影响机制的研究"(2014-ZJ-905)

摘　　要：为研究湟水河大型底栖动物的群落结构及河流健康状况,于2016年5月和8月,在湟水河上游选取20个样点,分别归入草地、农地和城市用地三种土地利用类型中。并按样点和土地利用类型对大型底栖动物群落结构及功能摄食类群组成进行了研究。结果表明:湟水河各样点大型底栖动物密度和生物量都较低,主要优势类群为青海钩虾(Gammarus suifunensis Urno)、幻石娥(Apataniidae sp.)、四节蜉(Baetis sp.)、霍普水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)和多足摇蚊(Polypedilum sp.),各样点间物种组成和功能摄食类群组成差异较大,其中集食者占绝对优势。草地优势类群以青海钩虾为主;农地以四节蜉为主;城市用地中则以耐污的水丝蚓为主,四节蜉在3种土地利用类型中均为优势类群。通过河流健康综合评价指数对其生态系统健康状况进行了评价。结果显示:从河流源头到西宁段,湟水河受水利工程干扰逐步增大,河岸带植被覆盖度递减,水土流失逐步递增,大型底栖动物生物多样性降低,河流总体处于亚健康状态。Twenty sampling sites, selected from the upstream Huangshui River, were divided into three landuse types, i.e. grassland, cropland and urban land. Samples were collected from these points in May andAugust of 2016 in order to evaluate the health of Huangshui River and the community structure ofmacrobenthos. An investigation was conducted to study the community structure and functional feeding groupsof macrobenthos in Huangshui River based on the samples and land use types. The results showed that all thesampling sites in Huangshui River exhibited low levels of both average density and biomass of macrobenthos.The dominant species were Gammarus suifunensis Urno, Apataniidae sp., Baetis sp., Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and Polypedilum sp.. The various sampling sites showed significant differences in community structure andfunctional feeding groups of macrobenthos, among which collector-gatherer was the most dominant. Gammarussuifunensis was dominant in grassland, Baetis sp. was dominant in cropland, and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri wasdominant in urban land. In all the three land use types, Baetis sp. was always the dominant species. The healthcondition of the river ecosystem was evaluated by using the comprehensive assessment index. The resultsrevealed that Huangshui River, from its origin to the Xining section, suffered increasing interference from waterconservation projects, with decreasing vegetation coverage and biodiversity and increasing soil erosion, which made the whole river in a state of poor health.

关 键 词：大型底栖动物 功能摄食类群 生态系统 健康评价 湟水河 土地利用类型 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学] Q968.8