全膝关节置换术假体的三维有限元生物力学分析  

Biomechanical Analysis of Three-Dimensional Finite Element in Prosthesis for Total Knee Arthroplasty

作　　者：邓海宁[1] 曹轲飞 蒋仕雄 

机构地区：[1]四川中医药高等专科学校,绵阳621000 [2]绵阳市骨科医院,绵阳621000 [3]四川中医药高等专科学校附属医院,绵阳621000

出　　处：《基因组学与应用生物学》2017年第12期4992-4999,共8页Genomics and Applied Biology

基　　金：四川省2013-2016高等教育人才培养质量和教学改革项目"高职高专医学成人教育教学与管理模式改革"(项目编号:14156721)资助

摘　　要：分析基于MRI图像数据建立的膝关节有限元模型,并采用人工膝关节置换术对假体进行匹配,通过有限元法对匹配假体接触关节表面进行应力变化分析,为人工关节假体进一步研究提供理论依据。采用MRI对1名正常男性青年双膝关节进行扫描并获取二维图像数据,根据MRI扫描数据建立膝关节三维模型;根据实际假体模型经过逆向工程技术建立膝置换假体模型,在截骨的膝关节三维模型上装配置换假体,最终构建三维有限元模型,并进行相关的生物力学分析。进行置换术后膝关节在垂直受力的0°~90°屈曲运动中,相对于胫骨,内股骨滚动并向后方发生了滑动外旋;膝关节在90°~120°范围內侧髁向内后方滑动,并且外侧髁向上抬离处于内旋状态。在屈曲运动过程中,膝关节随着度数增加,聚乙烯垫片内侧后方出现应力集中情况,约为120°时垫片后缘产生较大的应力峰值;基于MRI图像扫描并通过有限元法建立膝关节三维模型,用于膝关节置换后生物力学分析,为进一步人工关节假体研究提供相应理论依据。This study analyzed the finite element model of knee joint based on MRI image data, and matched the prosthesis with total knee replacement. The stress changes in the joint surface of the matched prosthesis were analyzed by the finite element method, which could provide a theoretical basis for further study of the artificial joint prosthesis. Double knee joint of 1 normal young man was scanned by MRI, and two dimensional image data were obtained. Three dimensional model of knee joint was established according to the MRI scan data. On the base of the actual prosthesis model, the prosthesis model for knee replacement was established by reverse engineering technology. The three dimensional model of the knee joint of the osteotomy was equipped with prosthesis, and finally, a three-dimensional finite element model was constructed and related biomechanical analysis was performed. After replacement, in 0° ~90° curvature movement with vertical force, the femur of knee joint rolled and slided posteriorly relative to tibia. Within 90°~120°, the medial condyle slided inward and backward, and the external condyle lifted upward and was in a state of internal rotation. In the curvature movement, with the increase of degree, the inside rear of polyethylene gasket in knee joint had stress concentration, which was the peak stress produced by the rear edge of gasket when the degree was 120°. Based on the MRI image scanning, the three-dimensional model of knee joint was established by the finite element method. It could be used for the biomechanical analysis of knee joint replacement, so as to provide a theoretical basis for further research of artificial joint prosthesis.

关 键 词：生物材料 MRI图像 全膝关节 生物力学 

分 类 号：R318.01[医药卫生—生物医学工程] R687.4[医药卫生—基础医学]