蝇蛆生物转化餐厨垃圾的效能评估  

The effectiveness of bioconversion of food waste by housefly larvae

作　　者：江承亮 腾昌运 李敬 朱军 封代华 楼莉萍[1] 张志剑[1,4] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境与资源学院,杭州310058 [2]杭州吾蚨美环保有限公司,杭州311113 [3]阿肯色大学生物与农业工程学系,美国费耶特维尔72704 [4]杭州谷胜农业科技有限公司,杭州3111084

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2017年第6期1159-1165,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：浙江省重点研发计划项目(2015C03009);浙江省重点研发计划(2015C03SA420001)资助;国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07101)~~

摘　　要：餐厨垃圾具有资源性和危害性.利用家蝇幼虫(蝇蛆)的食腐性以及生命周期短特性研究餐厨垃圾处理,探究最佳蝇蛆接种量,而后分析此接种量下处理前后堆体的理化指标,并对蝇蛆进行营养评价.结果表明,蝇蛆处理餐厨垃圾的最佳接种量约为13 300只/kg,此接种量下餐厨垃圾的减量可达55%,减量指标为13.8;处理后堆体的含水量、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾总量分别下降71.1%、63.9%、75.4%、8.13%、5.3%,碳氮比和p H分别为31.2、8.43,均满足好氧堆肥所需的初始条件;蝇蛆生物转化餐厨垃圾的平均产率为26.4%,转化效率达79.7%;所得干蛆的蛋白质含量接近50%,综合营养价值高于国产鱼粉及豆饼;多烯脂肪酸含量(亚油酸、亚麻酸等)超过智利鱼粉,深加工潜力大.上述结果表明蝇蛆生物转化餐厨垃圾效能显著,具有较好发展前景.According to the scavenging and short life cycle, housefly larvae were used to test the efficacy of food waste bioconversion. First, we explored the best inoculation quantity, then we tested the physical and chemical parameters of pile biomass before and after bioconversion at the best inoculation quantity, and finally evaluated the nutrition of larvae for commercial use. The results showed that the best inoculation quantity for larvae-driven bioconversion was 13 300 heads per kilogram. With this inoculation quantity, the processing technology achieved a 55% reduction, and the waste reduction index （WRI） was found to be 13.8. After processing, in the pile biomass, the moisture content, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium decreased by 71.1%, 63.9%, 75.4%, 8.13%, and 75.4%, respectively. Meanwhile, the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and pH were found to be 31.2 and 8.43, respectively, in pile biomass, and could meet the initial conditions required for aerobic compost. In addition, the yield of larvae-driven biotransformation was 26.4%, and the efficacy of conversion of digested feed （ECD） reached 73.4%. The protein content of dried larvae was close to 50%, and the comprehensive nutritional value was higher than that of domestic fish meal and bean cake, while polyene fatty acids （linoleic acid, linolenic acid, etc.） were more abundant than those in Chile fish meal. Thus, the food waste–bioconverting larvae showed an enormous potential for deep bioprocessing for downstream uses. In conclusion, larvae can bioconvert food waste effectively and have promising development prospects.

关 键 词：蝇蛆 餐厨垃圾 接种量 减量化 资源化 

分 类 号：X174[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X799