“自由意志”的出场与伦理学基础的更替  被引量:10

The Appearance of “Free Will” and the Changes in Foundation of Ethics

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作  者:黄裕生[1] 

机构地区:[1]清华大学哲学系,北京100084

出  处:《江苏行政学院学报》2018年第1期14-20,共7页The Journal of Jiangsu Administration Institute

摘  要:自从巴门尼德区分"真理"与"意见",追求"真知识"更成了希腊哲学自觉而坚定的努力,以致知识甚至成了伦理学的基础。这种以知识为基础的伦理学在理论上把伦理学的基本问题推进到了获得解决的临界点。但是,由于"自由意志"的缺场,希腊伦理学始终未能突破这个临界点。奥古斯丁在"绝对一元论"视野下,使恶的问题被转换为罪的问题,而罪总是包含着审判与惩罚。对这种审判与惩罚的正当性的追问,使"自由意志"进入思想现场,启动了更替伦理学基础并突破希腊伦理学所达到的临界点的进程。Since Parmenides made the distinction between "truth" and "opinion", the pursuit of "true knowledge" had become a conscious and determined effort of Greek philosophers, so that knowledge had even become the foundation of ethics. Theoretically speaking, this knowledge-based ethics had pushed the basic ethical issues to the threshold of solution. However, due to the absence of "free will", the Greek ethics had failed to break through this critical point. In the view of "absolute monism", Augustine transformed the question of evil into the question of sin, and sin always involves trials and punishments. The questioning of the legitimacy of such trials and punishments brought the "free will" onto the ideological scene, and initiated the process of changing the foundation of ethics and breaking through the critical point for Greek eth- ics.

关 键 词:知识 罪恶 自由意志 

分 类 号:B503.1[哲学宗教—外国哲学]

 

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