不同前处理及测定方法对食用菌重金属含量测定结果的影响  

Effect of different pre-treatment and determination methods on heavy metal content in edible fungi

作　　者：李永亮[1] 李健[1] 牟学军[1] 王颖[2] 于亭亭[2] 李桂莲[3] 邱阳[1] 

机构地区：[1]佳木斯市环境保护监测站,黑龙江佳木斯154004 [2]齐齐哈尔大学应用化学系,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006 [3]黑龙江大学环境科学与工程系,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2017年第6期147-152,共6页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

摘　　要：【目的】利用不同的前处理方法、不同的分析技术监测食用菌中的重金属含量,分析评价食用菌的食用安全性和不同前处理方法、不同分析方法的准确性.【方法】采用常规电热板消解、微波消解、一体化消解、压片法等前处理方法,使用原子吸收分光光度计、原子荧光光度计、X射线荧光光谱仪测定食用菌中的重金属.【结果】不同食用菌中重金属铜、镉、汞、砷、铅、镍、锌含量有所不同,铅0.002~0.041 mg/kg,镉0.000 1~0.015 4 mg/kg,汞0.000 03~0.003 25mg/kg,砷0.000 01~0.002 56mg/kg,锌3~18mg/kg,铜0.5~7.9mg/kg,镍0.000 01~0.000 42mg/kg;野生食用菌重金属含量相对较高,养殖食用菌重金属含量相对较低,但监测结果均在相关标准限值以内.【结论】不同的前处理方法中,压片法最好,其次为一体化消解装置,普通消解器消解效果最差.几种分析方法的准确性均可以满足试验要求,其中X射线荧光光谱法测定准确度最高.【Objective】To compare the effect of different pre-treatment and determination methods on heavy metal content in edible fungi.【Method】The different pre-treatment methods were used as conventional electric heating plate digestion,microwave digestion and compression method,the heavy metal contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer,atomic fluorescence spectrometer and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer.【Result】The content of Cu,Cd,Hg,As,Pb,Ni and Zn are different in different edible fungi,the concentration of Pb,Cd,Hg,As,Zn,Cu,Ni in the edible fungi were about 0.002~0.041 mg/kg,0.000 1~0.015 4 mg/kg,0.000 03~0.0032 5 mg/kg,0.000 01~0.002 56 mg/kg,3~18 mg/kg,0.5~7.9 mg/kg,0.000 01~0.000 42 mg/kg,respectively.The wild edible fungi had higher heavy metal contents than cultivated edible fungi.However,all determination results were lower that the limitation of relevant standards.【Conclusion】Compression method shows the best for pre-treatment.The accuracy of several analytical methods meets the requirement,the accuracy and repeatability of XRF show the best.

关 键 词：食用菌 重金属 前处理 食用安全性评价 

分 类 号：S759.81[农业科学—森林经理学]