国产蜘蛛药用及食用的历史沿革与应用特点  

History and Application Characteristics of Domestic Spider Used for Medicine and Edible Resources

作　　者：田建平[1,2] 胡远艳 张名楠[4] 陈国良[4] 

机构地区：[1]海南医学院药学院,海口571199 [2]海南省中药原料质量监测技术服务中心,海口571199 [3]海南大学海洋学院,热带生物资源教育部重点实验室,海口570228 [4]海南大学材料化工学院,海口570228

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2018年第3期214-218,共5页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：海南省公共卫生服务项目专项(琼财社[2015]1547号)

摘　　要：目的：研究历代本草方剂文献中蜘蛛的药用和食用资源及其临床配伍方法的历史沿革变化,通过完善补充相关资料,为开展蜘蛛的资源利用和新药开发提供有益的借鉴。方法：查阅历代的本草典籍,结合笔者的调查情况,并将国内所使用药用和食用蜘蛛种类及其临床应用方剂进行整理、归纳。结果：国产食用和药用蜘蛛种类共8科18种,按照个体大小分为中小型蜘蛛和大型蜘蛛,前者种类6科14种,中药中应用较为广泛;后者种类有2科4种,富含蜘蛛毒素,在黎族医药中应用广泛,是今后蜘蛛药物开发的主要源泉;蜘蛛药材加工炮制方法和入药部位多样,临床配伍用于治疗疝气、止痛、风湿、痈疽恶毒、无名诸疡、内外痔、腋臭等;可研末内服,浸酒或入丸、散,外擦或捣敷等。此外,少数民族食用蜘蛛主要有7种,常去头足,油炸或烧烤。结论：今后应拓展大型药用和食用蜘蛛资源,综合利用蜘蛛各部位和化学成分,精心组织对经典方剂和少数民族药物应用知识的筛选开展研究,并结合现代生物技术,为蜘蛛资源的现代开发奠定坚实基础。Objective： To study the processing history of edible and medicinal resources of spiders in China,investigate their clinical practices and compatibility methods according to the past literature,supplement relevant information,and further provide a useful reference for developing spider resources and new drugs.Method： We looked through the herbal literature,summed up the types of domestic edible and medicinal spiders as well as their clinical prescriptions by considering the authors＇ investigation. Result： There were 18 species from8 families for edible and medicinal spiders. According to their individual size,they could be divided into small and medium-size spiders and large spiders. The former ones had 6 families and 14 species,which were widely used in traditional Chinese medicine; the latter ones had 2 families and 4 species,rich in spider toxins,and were widely used in the medicine of Li nationality,and were also the main source in spider drug development in the future.There were various processing methods and medicinal parts of spiders in China,and they were mainly used in clinical compatibility for hernia,pain,rheumatism,ulcer,unknown sores,internal and external hemorrhoids,bromhidrosis,etc. By grounding powder,they could be used for oral administration,dipping into wine or pills and powder; on the other hand,they could be used for external rubbing or tamping. In addition,there were 7 species of spiders which could be eaten by ethnic minorities,which were often fried or grilled after getting rid of head and foot. Conclusion： More large spiders used as medicinal and edible resources should be expanded in future,and comprehensive utilization should be made based on various parts of the spider and the chemical compositions.Further studies are needed to elaborate the development of classic prescriptions and drug application knowledge used for minority nationality. By combining with modern biological technology,it can lay a firm foundation for the development of modern spider resources.

关 键 词：蜘蛛 药用 食用 历史沿革 应用特点 

分 类 号：R22[医药卫生—中医基础理论] R243[医药卫生—中医学]