诉讼系属中实体变更的程序应对  

Procedural Response to Entity Change in the Action Dependence System

作　　者：张卫平[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学 [2]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2018年第1期5-25,共21页Global Law Review

摘　　要：诉讼系属中实体变更是民事诉讼法重要的基础理论问题之一,但学术界对此研究甚少,甚至在一些基础问题上存在误识与讹错。诉讼系属中的实体变更包括主体变更和客体变更两大类。在主体变更的程序应对方面,我国的制度设置存在诸多问题。自然人死亡的诉讼承继因具体诉讼形态不同而应有所不同,在法人的合并与分立中,大陆法系国家却对法人分立与诉讼中止及诉讼承继等问题并未作规定。在诉讼系属中客体变更的程序方面,德国和日本分别采取当事人恒定原则与诉讼承继原则两种不同取向的制度,而根据我国理论与实践,采取当事人恒定原则具有一定合理性,但需充实与完善相关制度框架与主要程序构成。总之,理论界与实务界应从程序法与实体法角度充分关注诉讼系属中实体变更的程序应对问题,并进一步考虑如何与既有周边制度进行协调与整合。Entity alteration in the action dependence system is one of the important basic theoretical issues of civil procedure law, yet few researches have been carried out on this issue and there are even some misunderstandings or errors about it in China. Entity changes in the action dependence system can be divided into two main categories： subject change and ob- ject alteration. With respect to procedural response to subject change, there are many problems in the current Chinese system, such as unreasonable institutional setup and absence of necessary procedures ： the concrete form of lawsuit succession resulting from the death of a natural person should vary from case to case. However, with respect to the merger and division of the legal person, there are no legal provision on the separation of legal person and the suspension and succession of lawsuit in continental law countries. With respect to procedural response to object change, Germany and Japan have adopted two different systems with different orientations： the privy forever principle and the suit acceding principle. In light of the Chinese theory and prac- tice, it is reasonable for China to adopt the privy forever principle while at the same time enric- hing and improving the related institutional framework as well as the form and theory of main procedure. In a word, both theorists and practitioners in China should carefully study the proce- dural response to entity alteration in the litigation system from the point of view of both proce- dural law and substantive law, and further consider how to coordinate and integrate this system with other related systems.

关 键 词：实体权利义务 诉讼系属 诉讼中止 当事人能力 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]