黄河三角洲自然湿地景观连接度动态变化及其驱动因素分析  

Dynamic Changes and Driving Factors of Landscape Connectivity for Natural Wetland in Yellow River Delta

作　　者：吴晶晶 栗云召 于良巨[1] 高猛[1] 吴晓青[1] 毕晓丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所,山东烟台264003 [2]中国科学院大学,北京101400 [3]鲁东大学资源与环境工程学院,山东烟台264000

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2018年第1期71-78,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31670471);中国科学院科技服务网络计划项目(KFJ-STS-127)

摘　　要：景观连接度用来度量景观空间单元之间的连续程度,它同具体的生态过程相结合可有效表征景观的功能特性。已有景观连接度的研究往往缺乏长时间序列动态变化的分析,且从不同区域尺度开展的研究也较少。同时,关于影响景观连接度变化的驱动因素还未有明确解释。因此,文章基于1991—2013年6期遥感影像数据,利用基于图论的指数方法测度景观连接度,对黄河三角洲整体以及自然保护区一千二管理站和黄河口管理站、垦利农业生态区、河口农业生态区和胜利油田区5个区域内自然湿地景观连接度的时空变化格局进行分析,并探讨影响自然湿地景观连通格局的主要驱动因素。结果表明,1991—2013年黄河三角洲自然湿地面积减少了548.75 km^2,景观连接度整体较低且呈现下降趋势,最大可能连接度指数不足0.1。期间,垦利农业生态区、河口农业生态区和胜利油田区的自然湿地面积减少严重,景观连接度下降明显。到2013年,这3个区域的自然湿地景观连接度全部下降至0.01以下。而一千二管理站和黄河口管理站内自然湿地的面积与景观连接度却有所增加,其中,一千二管理站自然湿地的景观连接度均在0.5以上,黄河口管理站自然湿地的可能连接度也从0.203增加到0.360。人类活动对黄河三角洲湿地景观格局的演变产生了重要影响。耕地、人工湿地以及油田、道路等建设用地是黄河三角洲湿地景观连接度变化的主要驱动因素,而自然保护区的设立和有效的管理措施是区内湿地景观连接度增加的主要原因。在此基础上建议扩大保护区范围,增加踏脚石斑块,保持水系连通以提高景观连接度。Landscape connectivity is an efficient index measuring the continuity of the spatial landscape units, and reflects the functional characteristics of the landscape. The coastal wetland ecosystem in the Yellow River Delta which have high ecosystem service functions have changed greatly due to local development. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the dynamic changes of the natural wetland landscape in the Yellow River Delta and to explore the causes. In this study, Landsat TM images from 1991 to 2013 were used to evaluate the changes of landscape connectivity using connectivity index based on the graph theory. The dynamic characteristics of wetland landscape connectivity were analyzed at both regional and local scales and the driving factors of natural wetland landscape connectivity in the Yellow River Delta were also discussed. The results showed that the landscape connectivity of natural wetlands in the whole delta from1991 to 2013 was generally low and declining gradually, with the maximum possible connectivity index of less than 0.1, and the area of natural wetlands decreased by 548.75 km2. The area of natural wetlands in the Kenli agro-ecological zone, Estuary agro-ecological zone and Shengli oilfield zone severely decreased, and the degree of landscape connectivity dropped significantly. By 2013, the landscape connectivity index in these zones dropped below 0.01. However, the landscape connectivity and wetland area of Yiqianer management station and the Yellow River mouth management station had increased. In the meantime, the connectivity indices of both stations were all above 0.5, and the possible connectivity of the Yellow River mouth management station increased from 0.203 to 0.360. It indicated lower landscape connective patterns in inland wetland than those in the Yellow River delta nature reserve. Farm land, artificial wetlands and construction land werethe main driving factors that affected the changes of wetland landscape connectivity. Therefore, we strongly recommended to expand the area

关 键 词：景观连接度 自然湿地 驱动因素 黄河三角洲 

分 类 号：P942[天文地球—自然地理学] X14[环境科学与工程—环境科学]