施氮调控豫中烟区烤烟品质及经济效益研究  

Effect of nitrogen application on flue-cured tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.)quality and economic benefits in central of Henan Province

作　　者：邢云霞[1,2] 刘世亮[1] 朱金峰 刘芳[1] 姜桂英[1] 杜君[4] 化党领[1] 王代长[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学资源与环境学院,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省烟草公司三门峡市公司,河南三门峡472000 [3]河南省烟草公司漯河市公司,河南漯河462000 [4]河南省农业科学院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2017年第6期201-208,共8页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：河南省烟草公司重大面上项目"豫中烤烟浓香型风味稳定机制及关键技术研究与应用"(HYKJ2010M01);"烟田有机废弃物高效生物发酵资源化利用与技术集成"(HYKJ201215);河南省烟草公司重点项目"不同生物炭对植烟土壤碳氮比和紧实度调节机制研究及应用"(HYKJ201504)

摘　　要：烟草氮肥施用量不当仍是影响河南中部烟区浓香型烟叶品质的主要因素,本文采用大田试验,开展了豫中烟区施氮量调控烤烟农艺性状、化学成分、香气物质含量及经济效益的研究。试验在钾肥和磷肥施用量相同的基础上,设计5个施氮量水平(0,22.5,37.5,52.5,67.5 kg·hm^(-2)),在烟株生长关键时期测定其农艺性状,并分析烤后烟叶的品质指标和香气物质含量。结果表明,在豫中烟区施氮水平为52.5 kg·hm^(-2)(N3处理)烟株长势最佳,该处理烟株的株高、叶数、最大叶等指标最高,且上部烟叶开片较好,能够适时落黄;所测定的上部叶(B2F)和中部叶(C3F)的钾含量显著高于其它处理,上部叶氯含量也最低,并明显提高了钾/氯的比值,化学成分较协调;同时,该处理烤后中部叶(C3F)香气总量最高,达860.08μg·g-1,且其烟叶的均价、中上等烟叶比例、产量、产值等经济效益显著高于其它处理,氮肥农学利用效率也达到最高。施氮量与烟叶均价、中上等烟叶比例、产量、产值之间在0~52.5 kg·hm^(-2)时随施氮量增加显著增加,但超过52.5 kg·hm^(-2)时则呈下降趋势。综上所述,在豫中烟区52.5kg·hm^(-2)可视为当地高产、优质烟叶生产的最佳施氮量。The unreasonable use of nitrogen( N) fertilizer is the key factor for flue-cured tobacco quality in Central of Henan Province. A field experiment with five levels of N application rates( 0,22.5,37.5,52.5,67.5 kg·hm^(-2)) was carried out to study the effect of nitrogen application rates on flue-cured tobacco agronomic characters,chemical components and economic benefits in the central part of Henan Province. The results showed that under the treatment with N application rate of 52.5 kg·hm^(-2)( N3),the flue-cured tobacco growth vigor was best,and the height,leaf number,the maximum leaf was significant higher than that of other treatments. K content of upper leaves( B2F) and middle leaves( C3F) was significant higher than that of other treatments,the Cl content of upper leaves was significant lower than that of other treatments,so K/Cl ratio was relatively higher,and the chemical composition was more coordinated. Meanwhile,the aroma components content of N3 was as high as 860.08 μg·g^(-1). The flue-cured tobacco average price,superior and secondary class ratio,yield and output value of N3 treat-ment was higher than that in others treatment. The N fertilizer use efficiency in N3 treatment was the highest. Moreover,under the N application range from 0 to 52.5 kg·hm^(-2),there was a significant positive correlation between N application rates among the average price,the proportion of superior tobacco leaves,yield,and output value. While beyond 52.5 kg·hm^(-2),all these indexes declined. A suggestion of N rate of 52.5 kg·hm^(-2) for quality flue-cured tobacco leaves was proposed in Central of Henan Province.

关 键 词：氮 烤烟 化学成分 香气成分 经济效益 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]