朱熹的“状仁”说及对爱的诠释  

Zhu Xi's Thought of“Shaping Benevolence”and His Interpretation of Love

作　　者：向世陵[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国学院

出　　处：《文史哲》2018年第1期143-151,共9页Literature,History,and Philosophy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目"儒家博爱论研究"(13ZX011)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：朱熹"状"仁之体突出的是"公"的价值,贯穿的是"爱人"的观念。仁与公的关系,实质上即仁与人的关系。"仁者以天地万物为一体"虽不构成爱的原因,但却是落实博爱所必需,为博爱的推行准备了条件。朱熹与张栻在仁说上的争论,重点围绕如何处理爱与仁的关系问题展开,并因此引起了性情体用之辨。从坚持仁与爱相关联出发,朱熹要求于情中体性,在爱中及体。相应地,人所应做的,是"为仁"而非"求仁"。朱熹不同意韩愈"博爱之谓仁"的界定,认为不能以用代体。佛教的无缘之爱并没有什么道理可言,毁己以成物,本身就背离了普遍之爱的原则。儒家由亲亲到仁民爱物,是实施博爱的最现实的道路。In shaping the substance of benevolence,Zhu Xi has emphasized the public value and the thought of loving person.The relationship between benevolence and public is in essence the relationship between benevolence and person.Although the thought that"a benevolent person and all things in the world are one"does not come to be a reason of love,it does come to be a necessity in universal love,especially in preparing the way of carrying out the universal love.The debate between Zhu Xi and Zhang Shi over the thought of benevolence mainly goes to their discussions on the relationship between love and benevolence,which further opens their discussions on the relationships between human nature and dispositions,and that between substance and function.From the perspective of connecting benevolence to love,Zhu Xi emphasizes that one’s dispositions are to embody nature,and one’s love is connected with substance.What one should do is to embody benevolence,rather than seeking benevolence.Zhu disagrees with Han Yu in defining benevolence as universal love;Zhu argues that substance cannot be replaced by function.The thought of love without reasons or relationships in Buddhism does not make sense;it sacrifices one’s self for the completion of things,which betrays the principle of universal love.In the argument of starting from loving your parents to being benevolent to your people,and then further loving things,Confucians have presented the most realistic way of actualizing the universal love.

关 键 词：朱熹 体 仁 公 爱 理 

分 类 号：B244.7[哲学宗教—中国哲学]