杨木半纤维素的提取及生产纤维类饲料添加剂的研究  

Study on extraction of poplar hemicellulose and production of fiber feed additives

作　　者：张馨月[1] 刘海棠[1,2] 刘忠[1] 惠岚峰[1,3] 刘洋 

机构地区：[1]天津科技大学天津市制浆造纸重点实验室,天津300457 [2]齐鲁工业大学制浆造纸科学与技术教育部重点实验室,山东济南250353 [3]华南理工大学制浆和造纸工程国家重点实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《饲料工业》2018年第2期46-50,共5页Feed Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金[21576213];国家重点研究发展计划专项项目[2017yfb0307901];天津科技大学青年创新基金[2016LG21];齐鲁工业大学制浆造纸科学与技术教育部/山东省重点实验室开放基金[KF201630];华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室开放基金[201504]

摘　　要：杨木木粉、溶解浆预水解液、APMP制浆造纸废液中富含丰富的木质纤维素,采用碱抽提乙醇沉降法提取三种原料中的半纤维素,对其得率、最优提取工艺以及营养价值进行研究。结果表明:杨木木粉、APMP废液半纤维素的得率分别为0.06 g/g、3.28 g/l,溶解浆预水解液中半纤维素含量最高(5.33 g/l),可作为提取原料首选,确定最优提取工艺为:当浓缩至原体积的80%,加6倍体积乙醇,获得最大提取量,为5.33 g/l;浓缩至原体积的60%,加3倍体积乙醇,获得纯度最高量,为77.2%。三种提取所得半纤维素成分均以木糖为主,结构多呈现β-吡喃环,杨木木粉半纤维素O-H亲水基团最多,表现出最好的吸水润胀性,溶解浆预水解液半纤维素微观结构疏松性最好,呈发散冰晶针状,吸附性最强,APMP废液中也可提取一定量的半纤维素,且也具有一定的微量元素成分,例如Cl是它特有的,可以调节生物体细胞渗透压和酸碱平衡。说明三种原料提取的半纤维素均可作为纤维类饲料使用,各有优势。微量元素S、Cl和矿物质元素Mg、K、Ca、Na以及粗蛋白质在三种提取物中均有所分布,其中木粉半纤维素中粗蛋白质含量最高,达4.25%,可作为粗纤维粗蛋白复合饲料添加剂,是一种内容物丰富、功能广泛的纤维源。Poplar powder, dissolving pulp pre hydrolysate, APMP pulping and papermaking wastewater are particularly rich in lignocellulose, in order to improve the utilization rate of crude fiber and diges- tion of livestock, three kinds of raw materials was extracted hemicellulose by ethanol deposition in the condition of alkaline.The yield, optimal extraction process and nutritional value were explored. The results showed that poplar powder, APMP waste hemicelluloses yield were 0.06 g/g and 3.28 g/l respectively, dissolving pulp pre hydrolysate had the highest content of hemicellulose（5.33 g/l）, could be used as top priority to extract hemicellulose. The optimal extraction process was determined that concentrated to the original volume of 80%, plus 6 times the volume of ethanol, the high extraction content of 5.33 g/l; concentrated to the original volume of 60%, plus 3 times the volume of ethanol, the purity of the highest amount of 77.2%. The main ingredient of three extraction hemicellulose wasxylose, structure showed beta pyranose ring. Poplar powder hemicellulose contained the most hydroxyl hydrophilic groups , showed the best effect of swelling up. The microstructure of hemicellulose in pre hydrolysis liquid was the most loose, showed dispersed crystal needle, and adsorption was the strongest, A certain amount of hemicellulose could also be extracted from APMP waste liquid, and also had certain trace elements. For example, Cl was unique, which could regulate cell osmotic pressure and acid-base balance. The result showed hemicellulose extracted from three kinds of raw materials can be used as fiber feed additives, and each has its advantages. Trace elements（S, Cl）, mineral elements （Ca, Na, K, Mg） and protein were distributed in three extracts, the crude protein c ontent of poplar powder hemicellulose was the highest, up to 4.25%, so it could be used as a compound feed additive of crude protein and crude fiber ,also it was rich in content and wide range of functions.

关 键 词：杨木 半纤维素 木糖 微量元素 粗蛋白质 复合饲料 

分 类 号：S816.7[农业科学—饲料科学]