科学社会学本土化新诠——以默顿范式为中心的思考  

New Explanations of Indigenization of Sociology of Science——Thoughts around the Mertonian Paradigm

作　　者：张培富 孙磊 

机构地区：[1]山西大学科学技术史研究所

出　　处：《科学与社会》2017年第3期50-63,共14页Science and Society

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"中国的科学建制与科学文化"(2006JDXM157)

摘　　要：科学社会学本土化面临其作为实证社会学,追求对社会现象作因果性社会律则说明而带来的困境。默顿范式的科学的社会规范理论建基于西方经验事实,难以型范中国本土经验事实。本文借鉴社会学本土化从实证向解释社会学转换主张,提倡地方性知识视域下的科学实践规范的研究路径,指出:作为默顿范式研究范畴,科学的社会规范源于科学知识论;站在科学知识的社会建构论立场上,与科学知识的地方性知识属性关联的实践境况规范蕴含语境性,能够经由解释社会学走向语境化的科学的社会规范研究,可以实现对具有中国本土语境特征的科学的社会规范的有效探索。进一步地,本文以民国药理学共同体的常山生物碱研究为例,作科学知识社会史案例的经验印证。The indigenization of sociology of science faces a kind of dilemma from seeking to explain social phenomenon through social laws with causality as empirical sociology.Generally,the theory of social norm of science from Mertonian paradigm was based on Western experimental fact,which could hardly explain Chinese social experimental fact with its theoretical framework.This article drew lessons from the proposal of the indigenization of sociology,which is that the positivism as the ontological base of empirical sociology should switch to constructivism as the ontological base of hermeneutic sociology,advocating the research route of normative scientific practice in the vision of local knowledge.At first,the article points out that the social norm of science results from the theory of scientific knowledge,from the position of constructivism of scientific knowledge,the practice situated norm which is related with the property of local knowledge of scientific knowledge contains the contextual property,and through hermeneutic sociology,could lead researchers to go along the route for launching research about social norm of science with contextual vision.And this researching route would make the research about the social norm of science with the feature of Chinese context.The article then chose the example of the Chinese pharmacological community in the period of National Government,as a experimental confirmation from the researching example of the social history of scientific knowledge.

关 键 词：科学社会学本土化 默顿范式 科学的社会规范 科学知识的社会建构论 地方性知识 科学实践规范 

分 类 号：G301[文化科学]