生命神圣、敬畏生命与尊重生命:中、西生命伦理学共论  

Sanctity of Life, Reverence of Life and Respect for Life:A Comparative Study of Chinese and Western Ethics

作　　者：李瑞全[1] 金美华 

机构地区：[1]台湾"中央大学"哲学研究所

出　　处：《科学与社会》2017年第4期48-59,共12页Science and Society

摘　　要：本文分析生命神圣、敬畏生命与生命尊严,以及人格个体之意义,以回答若干生命伦理学的课题。本文首先申论主张一切生命神圣的史怀哲固然使我们对一切生命都赋予道德地位,但不能具有神圣之意义,且实不能平视一切生命,否则会窒碍难行。本文亦引述辛格对于人类生命之区分,即生物或物种意义的生命(homo sapien)与人格个体(person)之不同,杀害一物种意义的人类,如胎儿、胚胎、干细胞等,并不一定是不道德的。只有杀害一有自我意识的人格个体,方是不道德的。本文进而依康德的分析,说明人类不只是有感知能力,更有由义务而行的道德表现,自身为一目的,建立人性的尊严。一般由此建立人权固然有助对个体人格的保障,但却区隔人与人之间的独立性和不相干性。因此,本文认为儒家将仁心所指的生命之间的同情共感作为道德价值的根源,由义务的取向,更可以拉近和建立人际间的亲密感,由此以建立一道德社群,对于生命伦理的课题,有更合理和恰当的解决,如长期照护的政策和施行。In this paper,we give an analysis of the concepts of sanctity of life,reverence for life and the dignity of life in order to solve some of the issues in bioethics.First,we honored Albert Schweitzer’idea of sanctity of life and offer all life a certain moral status,but not sanctity for all.For,this would make it impracticable,and do not reflect our moral experience in the distinction of different kinds of living things.We explain how Peter Singer makes the distinction of man（homo sapiens）and person and how killing humanbeing such as fetus,embryos and stem cells are not always immoral.It is killing a self-conscious humanbeing is immoral.Furthermore,humansare more than a sentient being and,according to Kant,we could act according to our self-legislating moral principal,acting as an end and thus have dignity.This idea helps to build up the theory of human rights but has the consequence of separating men against men,making inter-alienation between each other.We develop the Confucian thesis of taking moral empathy between humanbeings as the source of morality and intimacy and building up a moral community,which could help to solve man of the bioethical problems better,for instance for the policy of long term care problems today.

关 键 词：生命神圣 生命尊严 人格个体 康德 儒家 

分 类 号：B82-05[哲学宗教—伦理学]