语序与汉语主语的界定  

Defining Subjects of Chinese Sentences with Word Order

作　　者：周石平[1] ZHOU Shi-ping(School of Foreign Languages, Shaanxi Normal Uaiversity, Xi＇ an 710062, China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学外国语学院,陕西西安710062

出　　处：《洛阳师范学院学报》2017年第12期57-62,共6页Journal of Luoyang Normal University

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(15JJD740004)

摘　　要：界定汉语主语,唯一可以凭借的语法特征就是语序。可是语序不仅包含语法信息,还包含语义和语用信息,因此,汉语主语的界定就成了一个难题。以Dixon(迪克森)的"普遍语义-句法元"理论为基础,区分(谓词的)论元和(谓语的)句元,并以论元在语句中的默认位置为依据,确定汉语的核心句,再通过将非核心句还原为核心句的办法,剔除语序中的话语信息和语义特征,从而证明,语序足以成为界定主语的标准。It has always been a big dilemma to define subjects of Chinese sentences, because the only gram-matical criterion to define them is word order, which, however, contains not only syntactic, but semantic and prag-matic information as well. This paper, inspired by the Universal Semantic-Syntactic Primitives of Dixon （1979） ,distinguishes arguments （ of verbs） and clause elements （ of predicators）, define fundamental sentences by defaultpositions of arguments, then exclude the pragmatic and semantic information by reverting non-fundamental sen-tences into fundamental sentences, and finally proves that word order is a sufficient condition for defining Chinesesubjects.

关 键 词：主语 语序 核心句 非核心句 

分 类 号：H314[语言文字—英语]