滨海湿地CH_4排放的研究进展  

Advances in research on methane emissions of coastal wetlands

作　　者：宫健 崔育倩 谢文霞 张艳 

机构地区：[1]青岛大学环境科学与工程学院,青岛266071

出　　处：《资源科学》2018年第1期173-184,共12页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41406089)

摘　　要：甲烷(CH_4)是大气中重要的温室气体,其对全球气候变暖的增温贡献已达15%。受海洋和陆地双重影响的滨海湿地是CH_4重要的自然来源。本文综述了滨海湿地CH_4的产生过程、通量特征以及影响因素的研究动态。CH_4产生过程的研究以分子生物学为主,在淡水湿地研究较多,因此在深度和广度上都有待突破。滨海湿地CH_4通量特征具有较大的时空差异,这种差异性受到不同地域特殊的土壤理化性质、水文状况和植物群落等多种因素影响。水文条件是CH_4产生和排放的决定性因素,温度和p H通过影响产CH_4微生物活性来影响CH_4排放。盐分对滨海湿地CH_4影响的研究主要集中在浓度上,对盐分中SO2-4等离子的组成上研究还不是很深入,需要加强这方面的探究。植物的传输作用是研究CH_4排放动态的基础,在植物种类和密度对CH_4排放影响方面的研究较多。人类活动对环境压力的增大,对滨海湿地CH_4排放产生很大影响,相关研究较少,应给与足够重视。滨海湿地CH_4排放由多种因素共同影响,其过程较为复杂,在今后的研究中应注重:(1)加强土壤理化性质对CH_4排放的影响,尤其是盐分中各离子组成和浓度差异对CH_4排放影响的研究;(2)加强植物体自身对CH_4排放的影响研究;(3)加强人类活动对CH_4排放的影响研究;(4)加强大空间长时间尺度下CH_4通量的评估研究。Methane（CH4） is an important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere and contributes 15% to global warming. Coastal wetlands, one of the important intertidal ecosystems at the land-ocean interface, are considered a large potential natural source of CH4. In this paper, the study dynamics of CH4 production process, CH4 flux characteristic and affecting factors are summarized. The study of CH4 production processes is mainly based on molecular biology, with much research in freshwater wetlands. The CH4 flux characteristics in coastal wetlands has distinct temporal-spatial variation affected by many factors, such as soil physical and chemical properties, hydrological conditions and plant communities. The hydrological condition is a determining factor for the production and emission of CH4, effects of temperature and p H on CH4 emissions by affecting the methanogenic activity. Research on the effect of salinity on CH4 of coastal wetlands has mainly focused on concentration, and the study of composition of SO2-4 plasma in salt is not deep. The transmission of plants is the basis for the study of CH4 emission dynamics, and there are many studies on the effects of plant species and density on CH4 emissions. With human activities and environmental pressure, there is a great influence on coastal wetlands CH4 emissions. CH4 emissions from coastal wetlands are affected by many factors, and the process is complicated.Aspects to strengthen in the future include the effects of soil physical and chemical properties on CH4 emission, especially the effect of ion composition and concentration in salt on CH4 emissions;the effects of plants on CH4 emissions;the effects of human activities on CH4 emissions;and evaluation of CH4 flux at long time scales and across large spaces.

关 键 词：滨海湿地 CH4排放 影响因素 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X171.1