基于多源大数据的城市体征诊断指数构建与计算——以上海市为例  

Construction and Calculation of Diagnostic Index of Urban Signs Based on Multi-source Big Data:Case of Shanghai

作　　者：柴彦威[1] 刘伯初 刘瑜[2] 马修军[3] 塔娜[4] 申悦 Chai Yanwei;Liu Bochu;Liu Yu;Ma Xiujun;Tana;Shen Yue(College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems, Peking University, Bering 100871, China;School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;School of Urban and Regional Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871 [2]北京大学遥感与地理信息系统研究所,北京100871 [3]北京大学信息科学技术学院,北京100871 [4]华东师范大学地理科学学院,上海200241 [5]华东师范大学城市与区域科学学院,上海200062

出　　处：《地理科学》2018年第1期1-10,共10页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41571144,41529101,41601159);“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAJ08B06)资助~~

摘　　要：基于多源大数据,构建了整合城市活动-移动系统、城市人口系统、城市运行系统、城市环境系统4个系统的城市体征诊断指数体系。该指数体系分解为底力、动力、压力、活力4个维度,具有4个层次和12个时空间尺度。底力指数表征土地、人口等空间单元基本属性,用以把握区域总体特征;动力指数通过企业发展状况、环境质量等反映了空间单元的发展状态;压力指数用以监测城市系统运行状况,起到风险评判与预警的作用;活力指数以活动和流的时空特征进行活动动态展现,反映空间单元的真实活力。最后以2016年4月6日为例,计算和展示了上海各街道的综合和各维度体征诊断指数,说明了体征诊断指数的可应用性和指数计算结果的稳健性。城市体征诊断指数可以辅助于城市网格化管理、压力预警等治理需求。Urban signs characterize the state of development and operation of a city, including construction con- ditions of built environment, driving force of urban economic and social development, operational status of fa- cilities and urban activities of individuals in the city, etc. The diagnosis of urban signs equals to the health ex- amination of urban development and operation, by which sticking points are recognized. A set of reliable and practical urban diagnostic indices is required not only to comprehensively reflect correlative sub urban systems that are static or dynamic, but also illustrate the status of urban system through quantitative methods and geo-visualization. Using traditional data and big data from different sources, this paper constructs a system of diagnostic index of urban signs based upon the integration of urban activity-travel system, urban population system, urban operation system, and urban environment system. The diagnostic index system is decomposed into 4 dimensions including fundamental force, driving force, pressure and vitality. The fundamental force in- dex is used to describe basic attributes of land use and population; the driving force index reflects the state of development of spatial units through development of enterprises and quality of the environment; the pressure index is used to monitor the running status of the urban system, and as such, it plays a role in risk-evaluation and risk-warning; the vitality index reflects the real vitality of the spatial units by demonstrating the dynamic characteristics of the activity system and flows in time and space. 12 spatio-temporal scales are acquired through intersection of 4 levels of the spatial units （municipal Shanghai, district, Jiedao, census tract） and 3 lev- els of temporal scales （annual, daily and real time levels）. The index weight is determined by fuzzy hierarchy analysis. Taking April 6, 2016 as an example, we calculate both comprehensive and dimensional diagnostic in- dex of urban signs of Jiedaos （subdistrict

关 键 词：城市体征 城市体征诊断指数 健康城市 多源数据 上海市 

分 类 号：K901[历史地理—人文地理学]