12份引进油梨品种果肉有机酸组分和抗坏血酸含量分析  

Analysis on the composition and content of organic acids and vitamin C in avocado flesh of twelve introduced cultivars

作　　者：魏永赞[1,2] 王一承 刘丽琴[1,2] 舒波 谢江辉[1,2,3] 李伟才 石胜友[1,2,3] WEI Yongzan;WANG Yicheng;LIU Liqin;SHU Bo;XIE Jianghui;LI Weicai;SHI Sheng- you(South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, CATAS, Zhanfiang 524091, Guangdong, China;Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Tropical Fruit Biology, Zhanjiang 524091, Guangdong, China;National Field Genebank for Fruits, Zhanjiang 524019, Guangdong, China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所,广东湛江524091 [2]农业部热带果树生物学重点实验室,广东湛江524091 [3]国家热带果树种质资源圃,广东湛江524091

出　　处：《果树学报》2018年第2期177-184,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：广东省省级科技计划(2016A020208002);国家农作物种质资源平台(NICGR2017-95);物种资源保护(农作物)项目(2017NWB053)

摘　　要：【目的】分析和比较不同油梨引进品种果肉有机酸组分和还原型抗坏血酸(维生素C)含量特征,为引进油梨品种的评价、筛选及新品种的选育提供参考依据。【方法】用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法对12份引进油梨品种果肉中的有机酸组分和维生素C含量进行测定分析。【结果】油梨果肉中可检测到酒石酸、苹果酸、马来酸、柠檬酸和富马酸5种有机酸组分,其含量由高到低为:苹果酸>柠檬酸>富马酸>酒石酸>马来酸;不同品种间单一有机酸组分的含量差异显著,而不同品种间的有机酸总量变化幅度相对较小;油梨果肉有机酸含量与苹果酸含量呈极显著正相关;总酸含量与维生素C含量呈极显著正相关,与苹果酸含量呈显著正相关;12份油梨资源中,‘洛雷塔’果肉中有机酸及单一组分苹果酸、富马酸和酒石酸的含量均为最高,‘布鲁克斯晚’中维生素C含量最高。【结论】油梨属苹果酸优势型果实,果肉中总酸含量与苹果酸和维生素C含量密切相关。[Objective] Avocado （Persea americana Mill.） is an important evergreen fruit crop grown in several countries with tropical and subtropical climates. Total world production was more than 4 million tons in 2011, with 70% of the production coming from countries including Mexico, Chile, Dominican Re- public, Indonesia, Colombia, Peru, USA and Guatemala. Avocado was introduced to China at the beginning of 20＇h century, and is now widely planted in provinces in south China, such as Hainan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou and Yunnan. The demand for avocado has been increasing year after year, but there are limited germplasm resources and production in China. Therefore, it is important and urgent to evaluate and utilize introduced avocado cultivars to develop an avocado industry in our country. Organic acids are one of main factors affecting the quality of fruits. Organic acids are important fruit metabolites associated with photosynthesis, respiration, and the metabolisms of phenolic compounds, amino acids, esters and aro- matic compounds. The objective of the study is to analyze the composition and contents of organic acids in the flesh of twelve introduced avocado cuhivars. The results will provide a reference for utilizing these cuhivars and breeding new avocado varieties. [Methods] The experiment was carried out in National Germplasm Resources Nursery of Tropical Fruits in South Subtropical Crops Research Institute （Zhanji- ang, Guangdong）. The area has a tropical oceanic monsoon climate, which is warm in winter and hot in summer, and generally humid and rainy, with a mean daily temperature of 22.8 ℃ to 23.2 ℃, an average daily relative humidity of 80%, and a total yearly rainfall of 1 100 mm to 1 800 ram. The avocado trees were grafted onto the seedling-plant rootstock, planted 5 rex5 m apart, drip irrigated, and fertilized as required. The twelve avocado cultivars introduced from USA included ＇Beta＇ ＇Dupuis＇ ‘Tonnie＇ ‘Ton- nage＇ ‘ Simmonds＇ ‘ Miguel＇ ‘Brooks late＇ ‘ Lula＇

关 键 词：油梨 有机酸 维生素C 苹果酸 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学]