荔枝蒂蛀虫的产卵选择性研究  

Study on the oviposition preference of the litchi fruit borer, Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley(Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

作　　者：董易之[1] 姚琼[1] 陈炳旭[1] 徐淑[1] 徐海明[1] DONG Yizhi;YAO Qiong;CHEN Bingxu;XU Shu;XU Haiming(Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences · Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection of Guangdong, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所.广东省植物保护新技术重点实验室,广州510640

出　　处：《果树学报》2018年第2期204-211,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：广东省农业科学院院长基金(201512);国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系(CARS-32-12);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0202106)

摘　　要：【目的】荔枝蒂蛀虫是荔枝、龙眼上的主要害虫,深入认识其产卵选择机制,对于该虫的有效控制有重要意义。【方法】通过产卵选择试验,测定荔枝蒂蛀虫对荔枝果实、产卵介质表面纹理结构、颜色、形状和大小以及荔枝嫩叶和老叶等的产卵选择。【结果】荔枝果实可吸引荔枝蒂蛀虫产卵,即使在无法接触果实的情况下,成虫也可在产卵介质上产卵,其落卵量与直接产于果实上的落卵量无显著差异。但将荔枝果实密封包裹或烘制成果干后,则未观察到成虫在上面产卵。可见,荔枝果实吸引荔枝蒂蛀虫产卵的活性物质主要存在于其气味中。荔枝蒂蛀虫对产卵介质的表面纹理结构有选择性,成虫在200~400目(0.038~0.075 mm)筛网表面产卵较多,在复印纸、80目(0.18 mm)和100目(0.15mm)筛网表面产卵较少,该虫偏好在表面具有细小缝隙的产卵介质上产卵,表面过于光滑或缝隙过大均会减少其落卵量。但当荔枝果实被密封包裹后,即使表面纹理结构适合,成虫也不产卵。荔枝蒂蛀虫对产卵介质颜色、形状和大小均无显著的选择性。此外,荔枝蒂蛀虫可在装有荔枝嫩叶和老叶的产卵介质上产卵,其落卵量与装有荔枝果实的产卵介质上的落卵量无显著差异,说明荔枝叶片和果实一样,均可吸引成虫产卵。【结论】荔枝果实、嫩叶和老叶均可吸引荔枝蒂蛀虫产卵,该虫对产卵介质表面纹理结构有选择性。荔枝叶片表面光滑,可能是荔枝蒂蛀虫在自然条件下较少选择在叶片上产卵的重要原因。[Objective] The litchi fruit borer （LFB）, Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley, is the most distructive pest of litchi and longan in China and causes severe damage and yield reduction during the litchi＇ s fruit stage due to boring by larvae in the fruit. Control of LFB by spraying pesticides is hampered because the larvae live inside the plants. In addition, most pesticides kill a large number of beneficial natural enemies and result in pesticide residues. LFB is less harmful at the litchi shoot stage with its population rapidly de- creases. The adults prefer litchi fruits over shoots for oviposition and lay fewer eggs on leaves than fruits under natural conditions. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the oviposition preferences of LFB. [Methods] In this study, factors such as litchi fruits, surface texture, color, shape and size, litchi young and old leaves, were conducted to test for their attractancy to ovipositon of LFB adults. The oviposition preference test design in the laboratory was used to examine the preference by observing the amount of eggs that were laid by the LFB on the different oviposition media. The cuhivar of the litchi used to con- duct the test was ‘Feizixiao＇ and it was collected from the Agricultural Scientific Experiment and Demonstration Farm, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences. With references to the experimental methods from former studies, the oviposition media made from litchi fresh and dried fruit, litchi young leaves and old leaves were used as the treatments in the test. To test the oviposition preference of the LFB to litchi fresh and dried fruits, two plastic cylinder containers were filled with a litchi fresh fruit and a dried fruit respectively and sealed with tissue paper to be used as the oviposition media. They were then put in- to the cage together to observe the amount of eggs laid by the LFB adults on their surface with a litchi fresh fruit and a dried fruit used as the control. To test the oviposition preference of the LFB to surface texture, s

关 键 词：荔枝蒂蛀虫 产卵选择 荔枝 气味 表面纹理结构 

分 类 号：S667.1[农业科学—果树学]