幼儿自尊发展的相对年龄效应:追踪研究  

The Relative-age Effect in Children Self-esteem Development:A Longitudinal Study

作　　者：刘少英[1] 武志俊 陈霞芳 李庆功[3] 

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学心理系,杭州310018 [2]浙师大杭州幼儿师范学院附属幼儿园,杭州310012 [3]浙江师范大学心理系,金华321004

出　　处：《应用心理学》2018年第1期15-22,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Psychology

摘　　要：本研究对107名幼儿从中班下学期开始追踪三次,历时一年半,考察了同一班级内平均年龄相差0.5岁的两组幼儿的自尊发展变化,比较其在相同生理年龄时的自尊差异。结果发现:(1)幼儿自尊发展存在稳定的相对年龄差异,年幼组幼儿自尊稳定低于年长组;(2)相对年龄对幼儿自尊的影响并不能随生理年龄的增长而减少,即使在相同生理年龄,年幼组幼儿的自尊依然低于年长组在该年龄时的自尊;(3)幼儿自尊发展性别差异显著,女生自尊稳定高于男生。Relative age refers to the differences between the children's chronological age and an eligibility cutoff date used for cohort selection,which is found to be a significant factor in academic achievement,educational attainment,and working payroll. However,few studies have focused on the relative age effect of self-esteem development in young children. The present study examined the role of relative age on the development of self-esteem using a longitudinal method in 107 young children from 5 to 5. 5 years old. Children's self-esteem was measured by teachers 'reports every six months for three times. The results showed a significant relative age effect:The relatively younger children's self-esteem was constantly lower than the relatively older children in the same cohort.The younger children 's self-esteem in T2 and T3 were significantly lower than the older children 's self-esteem in T1 and T2 respectively,regardless of the same chronological age. We also found that girls' self-esteem was higher than boys.

关 键 词：自尊 幼儿 相对年龄 社会比较 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]