喀斯特有机烟区不同施肥模式对烟叶化学成分的影响及其与土壤微生物性质的关系  

Effect of Fertilization Mode on Chemical Components in Tobacco Leaves and Their Relationships with Microbial Characteristics in Organic Tobacco of Karst Region

作　　者：毛君杰 肖谋良 陈香碧 梁承明 董明哲 苏以荣 李巧云[1] 申燕 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学生物科学技术学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,湖南长沙410125 [3]贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司,贵州毕节551700

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2018年第1期111-117,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司科技项目(BJYC-201301); 国家自然科学青年基金项目(41301273); 国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAC09B02)

摘　　要：【目的】研究酒糟配施微生物肥逐步取代烟草专用有机肥和农家肥对烤烟烟叶主要化学成分以及土壤微生物性质的影响。【方法】采用小区试验,设置10个有关酒糟有机肥部分替代或完全替代农家肥和商品有机肥并配施微生物肥的处理,于烤烟成熟期采集烟叶样品和土壤样品,分析烟叶化学成分、土壤基本性质和微生物群落结构。【结果】当酒糟部分替代或完全替代农家肥和商品有机肥时,配施微生物肥在一定程度上均能降低烟叶烟碱(尤其是下部叶,降幅0.00%~0.60%)、总糖(降幅0.67%~5.91%)、还原糖(降幅0.24%~5.46%)、氯含量,小幅度增加烟叶氮素含量(P>0.05),而对钾素影响不大(P>0.05)。与对照相比,大部分优化施肥处理能在一定程度上改善烟叶化学成分,且当酒糟部分取代专用有机肥和农家肥时,需配施少量沃土沃或时科竹炭微生物肥,而当其全部取代专用有机肥和农家肥时可不配施微生物肥(P<0.05)。所有施肥处理下,土壤细菌均以变形菌(平均占总细菌群落的19.0%)、放线菌(16.5%)、酸杆菌(14.1%)和绿弯菌(13.7%)占优势,且优化施肥后土壤细菌优势群落结构和多样性能保持稳定,以维持原有土壤生态功能。【结论】基于分析烟叶化学成分、土壤基本性质和微生物群落结构表明,采用喀斯特山区低廉且易获得的酒糟配合少量微生物肥替代价格高昂的烟草专用有机肥以及日渐匮乏的农家肥是可行的。【Objective】We aimed to clarify the influence on the chemical components of tobacco leaves and soil microbial characteristics after the tobacco-special organic fertilizer and farmyard mature was replaced by vinasse.【Method】Based on field plot experiment,10 treatments related to the fertilization( vinasse combined with microbial fertilizer partially or completely replaced the tobacco-special organic fertilizer and farmyard mature) were set up. In the maturing stages,the chemical components of tobacco,soil basic properties and soil microbial communities were analyzed.【Result】Vinasse combined with microbial fertilizer partially or completely replaced the tobacco-special organic fertilizer and farmyard mature reduced tobacco nicotine( especially in the lower leaves,decrease of 0. 00 %-0. 60 %),total sugar( 0. 67 %-5. 91%),reducing sugar( 0. 24 %-5. 46 %),chlorine,but increased the nitrogen content( P > 0. 05) and no significant effect on potassium content( P > 0. 05). Thus,the optimized fertilization treatments improved the chemical components of tobacco to a moderate level. A small amount of microbial fertilizers are suggested to use when the tobacco-special organic fertilizer and farmyard were partially replaced by vinasse.But,the microbial fertilizers are not crucial( P < 0. 05) when all of the tobacco-special organic fertilizer and farmyard mature were replaced by vinasse. The bacterial communities were dominated by Proteobacteria( accounting for 19. 0 % of total bacteria),Actinobacteria( 16. 5 %),Acidobacteria( 14. 1 %),Chloroflexi( 13. 7 %) under all of the treatments. The structure and diversity of dominated microbial communities were kept stable for the optimized fertilization treatments,thus the soil ecological function can be sustained.【Conclusion】Based on the analysis of the chemical components of tobacco,soil basic properties and soil microbial communities,it is feasible that the high price of tobacco-special organic fertilizer and deficient farmyard mature were replaced by the combination

关 键 词：烤烟 施肥 酒糟 化学成分 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]