从《世说新语》看魏晋南北朝时期第二人称代词的句法、语义、语用特征  

The Syntactic,Semantic and Pragmatic Characteristics of 2nd Person Pronoun in The Period of the Wei,Jin,Northern and Southern Dynasties——Probing from A New Account of the Tales of the World

作　　者：曹炜[1] 李璐[1] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学汉语及汉语应用研究中心/文学院,江苏苏州215006

出　　处：《学术交流》2017年第12期149-157,共9页Academic Exchange

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"先秦至民国末期汉语代词发展演变史研究"(15BYY130)

摘　　要：《世说新语》中的第二人称代词有"汝""尔""卿""子""乃"等五个。"汝"在句中主要作主语,且使用频率大大超过了"尔"。这个时期新出现了第二人称代词"卿",在句中主要作主语。第二人称代词"汝""子""乃"在句中均表单数语义,新出现了复数形式"汝等""汝辈""尔等""卿等""卿辈"等,"尔"和"卿"既可表单数语义,也可表复数语义。这一时期"汝"多表示对对方的告诫、责备和轻视,且"汝"多用于亲属关系中,"尔"则多用于君臣和上下级关系中。"卿"主要用于友好的场合中,但不仅仅用于表示对话者之间的亲爱的称呼,也有一些表示对对方的劝诫和责备。"乃"表尊敬的意味逐渐消失,多用于表示对对方轻微的责备或劝诫。There were five second-person pronouns in A New Account of the Tales of the World,"Ru"( 汝),"Er"( 尔),"Qing"( 卿),"Zi"( 子),"Nai"( 乃)." Ru" remained the main subject in the sentence,whose appearance was much more than " Er". The second person pronoun " Qing" appeared in this period,which seemed mainly the subject in the sentence. The second personal pronoun " Ru" " Zi" " Nai" meant the singular in the sentence,appeared the plural form of " Ru Deng"( 汝等)," Ru Bei"( 汝辈)," Er Deng"( 尔等),"Qing Deng"( 卿等)," Qing Bei"( 卿辈)," Er" and " Qing" showed either singular semantics or plural one.In the period,"Ru"often indicated warning,reproaching and despising,mostly for kinship; "Er"occurred between monarchs and their subordinates; " Qing" was mainly used for friendly occasions,expressing the addresses for darlings among speakers and the admonition and reproach to others. "Nai"faded its respectful tone,with kind reproach or exhortation.

关 键 词：《世说新语》 魏晋南北朝汉语 第二人称代词 句法 语义 语用 

分 类 号：H36[语言文字—日语]