福建省鲜食玉米小型叶斑病的病原菌鉴定  

Pathogen Identification of Small Leaf Spots on Sweet Corn Plants in Fujian

作　　者：代玉立[1] 甘林[1] 阮宏椿[1] 石妞妞[1] 杜宜新[1] 陈福如[1] 杨秀娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所/福建省作物有害生物监测与治理重点实验室,福建福州350013

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2017年第12期1341-1349,共9页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金项目(2016J05073);福建省农业科学院博士启动基金项目(2015BS-4);福建省农业科学院青年科技英才百人计划项目(YC2016-4);福建省农业科学院植物保护创新团队建设项目(STIT2017-1-8);福建省科技计划项目--省属公益类科研院所专项(2017R1025-3)

摘　　要：鲜食玉米是福建省重要的经济作物。由丝状真菌引起的玉米叶斑病是玉米生产上的重要病害,严重影响了玉米的产量和品质。明确叶斑病的病原菌种类,可以为鲜食玉米病害的综合防控提供理论依据。本研究采用组织分离法对福州、莆田、漳州、南平和宁德5个地区采集的玉米病叶上典型的小型病斑(病斑长度<5mm)进行病菌分离和纯化,结果共获得103株单孢分离菌株。初步形态学观察后选取其中的8株代表性菌株进行鉴定,发现有5个菌株的形态特征与玉米小斑病菌的形态特征相似;而另3个菌株的形态特征与玉米弯孢叶斑病菌的形态特征极其相似。8个菌株接种感病玉米品种后出现了与田间相似的叶斑病症状。rDNA-ITS序列分析结果表明,8个供试菌株中有5个菌株鉴定为玉米小斑病菌Bipolaris maydis,2个菌株为玉米新月弯孢叶斑病菌Curvularia lunata,1个菌株为画眉草弯孢叶斑病菌Curvularia eragrostidis。上述研究结果表明,引起福建省鲜食玉米叶斑病的病原菌为B.maydis、C.lunata和C.eragrostidis。其中C.eragrostidis引起玉米叶斑病在福建省属首次报道。毒力测定结果表明,供试的8个菌株对8个不同玉米品种的毒力表现出多样性。Sweet corn(Zea mays L.)is one of the most important economic crops in Fujian Province.The small leaf spots on the leaves from filamentous fungal infection significantly affect the yield and quality of the corn.To identify the pathogenic agents that caused the disease on sweet corns is essential for the disease control and prevention.Using the single-spore isolation methodology,103 fungal species were obtained from the corn leaves showing typical small spots(lesion length < 5mm)in Fuzhou,Putian,Zhangzhou,Nanping and Ningde,where the major corngrowing regions in Fujian are located.After a preliminary morphological observation,8representative isolates were selected for further examinations.Among them,5were morphologically identical to Bipolaris maydis,and 3highly resembled Curvularia spp.A pathogenic assay on all plants inoculated with the pathogens exhibited similar symptoms as observed on the diseased corns in the field.The rDNA-ITS sequences of 5isolates were subsequently identified as B.maydis,two as C.lunata,and one as C.eragrostidis.It suggested that the microorganisms that caused the small leaf spots on sweet corns in Fujian were any of those identified.For Fujian,to report C.eragrostidis as culprit of the disease was the first time in China.The degrees of virulence of the 8identified isolates varied significantly toward 8different corn varieties.

关 键 词：玉米小斑病菌 玉米弯孢叶斑病菌 形态学特征 致病性 核糖体DNA内转录间隔区 

分 类 号：S432.4[农业科学—植物病理学]