从丝绸之路语言接触的角度看先秦部分医学词语的来源——以“扁鹊”、“痹”、“达”等词语为例  

On the Origin of Some Pre-Qin Medical Terms from the Perspective of Language Contact Along the Silk Road: the Cases of Bianque扁鹊, Bi痹 and Da达

作　　者：叶晓锋[1] 陈永霖[2] 

机构地区：[1]温州大学人文学院,温州325039 [2]温州医科大学中医药研究院,温州325035

出　　处：《民族语文》2018年第1期78-85,共8页Minority Languages of China

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“丝绸之路沿线语言比较视野中的上古汉语词汇研究”(17BYY138)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：通过与西域医学词语的语言学比较，作者认为“扁鹊”与印度-伊朗语的bhishag“医生”对应。而中医“风”病概念最早出现是用“痹”来表示，见于《荀子》，与印度-伊朗语中的vat-“风”对应。“达”在《左传》中可以表示“针”，与印度雅利安语的dar、dal“针”对应。根据比较，可以看出上古时期中国医学曾受到以印度医学为代表的西域医学的影响。Through a linguistic comparison of the medical terms in Chinese and Indo-Iranian languages, it is argued that the Chinese proper name Bianque 扁鹊 corresponds to bhishag ＂doctor＂ in Indo-Iranian languages. Initially, the traditional Chinese concept ＂wind illness＂ has been coded with Bi 痹, which is attested first in Xunzi 荀子, and it corresponds to vat- ＂wind＂ in Indo-Iranian languages. Da 芝 is used to code ＂needle＂ in Zuozhuan 左传; texts, which corresponds with dar/dal ＂needle＂ in Indian Aryan languages. Based on the comparison of these terms, it is revealed that traditional Chinese medicine has been influenced in antiquity by the Western Regions＇ medicine represented by Indian medicine.

关 键 词：扁鹊 风病 痹 达 丝绸之路 语言接触 

分 类 号：H139[语言文字—汉语]