菲律宾蛤仔采捕机振动松土装置设计与试验  

Design and experimental study of oscillation device of scarification for Ruditapes philippinarum dredger

作　　者：母刚[1,2] 段富海 张国琛[2] 李秀辰 祝春柳 张倩 

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学机械工程学院,辽宁大连116024 [2]大连海洋大学机械与动力工程学院,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《大连理工大学学报》2018年第1期9-16,共8页Journal of Dalian University of Technology

基　　金：辽宁省科学技术计划项目(2015103021);辽宁省海洋与渔业厅科研项目(201509);辽宁省教育厅一般项目(L201621);农业部北方海水增养殖重点实验室开放课题(2014-MSENC-KF-07)

摘　　要：为软化疏松菲律宾蛤仔养殖土壤,便于机械化采捕和降低采捕设备牵引阻力,设计了曲柄摇杆式菲律宾蛤仔采捕机前置振动松土装置,并进行了仿真与试验研究.采用ADAMS软件建模求解了振动耙齿在不同振幅时的曲柄长度,并仿真了不同频率、牵引速度和振幅条件下耙齿顶端的运动轨迹,表明当速度比大于1且最小速度角小于90°时,有利于减小牵引力.样机的单因素试验结果表明,提高振幅和频率、降低牵引速度可有效降低土壤贯入力和装置牵引力,但频率提高时减阻效果有限.三因素三水平正交试验结果显示,牵引速度对土壤贯入力和装置牵引力影响显著,耙齿的振幅对土壤贯入力的影响极其显著.综合考虑各因素,确定振幅15mm、牵引速度0.51m/s和曲柄转动频率15Hz为土壤软化和装置减阻的最佳条件,此时速度比为1.42,最小速度角为73°,土壤贯入力较振动前下降了64.04%.In order to soften and loosen the soil that the manila clam（Ruditapes philippinarum）lived,to make clam easier to be mechanically dredged and reduce the tractive resistance of the equipment,a front oscillation device of scarification for Ruditapes philippinarum dredger based on crank and rocker mechanism is designed,simulated and experimentally studied.The ADAMS software is used to build a model and compute the length of crank for different tine′s amplitudes.The oscillation pathways of tine tip for different frequencies,traction velocities and amplitudes are simulated.It is beneficial to reduce draft force when the velocity ratio is more than 1 and the minimum velocity angle is less than 90°.The result of the single factor experiment with prototype shows that the higher frequency,larger amplitude and slower traction velocity lead to less penetration force of soil and draft force of device,however,the increase of frequency has limited effect on reduction of draft force in this experiment.Results of orthogonal experiment of three factors and three levels indicate that the effect of traction velocity on soil softening and draft force reduction is significant,and the effect of amplitude on soil softening is very significant.Comprehensively considering the results of all experiments,the optimal performance conditions for softening soil and reducing draft force are amplitude of 15 mm,traction velocity of 0.51 m/s and crank rotational frequency of 15 Hz,the velocity ratio and minimum velocity angle are 1.42 and 73°,respectively,the penetration force of soil is reduced by 64.04%after oscillation scarification.

关 键 词：菲律宾蛤仔 采捕机 振动松土装置 贯入力 牵引力 

分 类 号：S979[农业科学—捕捞与储运]