螺旋课程思想的滥觞——《从小学到大学课程研究报告》述评  

The Origin of Spiral Curriculum

作　　者：王文礼[1] 

机构地区：[1]井冈山大学教育学院,江西吉安343009

出　　处：《高教发展与评估》2018年第1期106-118,共13页Higher Education Development and Evaluation

基　　金：2015年度江西省高等学校省级教学改革研究课题"本科学历小学教育专业课程形成性评价体系的建构研究"(JXJG-15-9-7)

摘　　要：美国全国教育协会于1876年发布《从小学到大学课程研究报告》,其主要内容包括:学生应该在多大年龄进入学校学习;幼儿园应先开展关于阅读、写作和算术的课程;如何让学校开设工业类的课程数量占多数;公立学校和私立学校的争论问题;如何考虑古典文化课程的问题;为什么一般的语言课程占据了学校课程的大部分时间;课程学习的自然秩序和合适的次序是什么。《从小学到大学课程研究报告》与1828年《耶鲁报告》的相同之处是:都认为古典教育非常重要。相异之处是:《耶鲁报告》在肯定古代文学、古代语言的价值的同时,并没有提倡要在大学中加强科学课程、实用课程;而《从小学到大学课程研究报告》在肯定需要学习古代语言的同时,也认识到要增加一些实用的课程,例如科学课程。《从小学到大学课程研究报告》发布后,对美国教育产生了较大的影响,也获得了比较高的评价。该报告是布鲁纳的螺旋课程思想的滥觞,在推动美国教育发展方面发挥了承上启下的作用,但是其摇摆于理想主义和传统主义的指导思想导致了其失败。The main contents of A Course of Study from Primary School to University include:how old students should enter school;Kindergarten should carry out courses on reading,writing and arithmetic in advance;how to make the industrial courses become the majority in the number of courses offered by schools;the controversial problem exists between public schools and private schools;how to consider the issue of classical culture courses;why the general language courses occupy the most time in the school curriculum;What the natural order and the proper order of studying course are.Comparing A Course of Study from Primary School to University with the Yale Report,which was published in 1828,this paper finds out that the similarities between the two reports are that the classical education is very important while the difference between the two is that Yale Report affirmed the value of ancient literature and ancient language on one hand,but did not advocate to strengthen science courses and practical courses in the university on the other.A Course of Study from Primary School to University certainly needs to learn the ancient language,and meanwhile it also recognized the necessity to add some practical courses,such as science courses.After the release of A Course of Study from Primary School to University,it not only had a greater impact on the American education,but also received a relatively high evaluation.The report is the beginning of Bruner's spiral curriculum,which has played a role in promoting the development of American education,but its guiding ideology waving between idealism and traditionalism led to its failure.

关 键 词：美国全国教育协会 从小学到大学课程研究报告 课程 螺旋课程 

分 类 号：G642.3[文化科学—高等教育学]