基于森林碳库动态评估神农架国家级自然保护区的保护成效  

Evaluating the effectiveness of Shennongjia National Nature Reserve based on the dynamics of forest carbon pools

作　　者：邓舒雨 董向忠 马明哲 臧振华[1,4] 徐文婷[1] 赵常明[1] 谢宗强[1] 申国珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,北京100093 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]北京丹青园林绿化有限责任公司,北京100093 [4]北京林业大学森林资源与生态系统过程北京市重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《生物多样性》2018年第1期27-35,共9页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：科技基础性工作专项(2015FY1103002);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC050330304)

摘　　要：保护区是维持生物多样性和生态系统功能的最有效方式,但其保护成效有待提升,土地利用变化是重要影响因素之一。本研究以神农架国家级自然保护区为对象,基于神农架地区近20年的调查研究和数据积累,通过异速生长模型、生物量方程、抽样加权等方法,对比分析了土地利用方式转变格局下神农架国家级自然保护区森林生态系统地上、地下、凋落物、粗木质残体、土壤有机碳5个碳库动态,分析论证了20年间(1990–2010)神农架保护区对森林生态系统碳库的保护成效。研究发现,林地占神农架保护区总面积的92.76%,其中针叶林(51.85%)、落叶阔叶林(35.11%)及常绿阔叶林(4.47%)3种森林类型合计占林地面积的98.56%。20年间神农架保护区林地面积增加了0.11%,灌木林地和耕地面积分别减少了8.85%和6.06%。神农架保护区2010年碳储量为24.24 Tg C(22.57–26.62 Tg C),土壤有机碳和地上碳合计占全部碳储量的90.68%。常绿阔叶林、落叶阔叶林和针叶林3种森林类型碳储量占神农架保护区碳储量的95%。20年间神农架保护区5个碳库碳储量均有所增加,共固碳25.04 kt C(21.83–29.57 kt C),固碳率为1.21 kt C/年(1.09–1.48 kt C/年),其中地上生物量碳库和土壤有机碳库分别增加14.50kt C(11.81–18.31 kt C)和6.84 kt C。保护区内总碳库碳密度高于保护区外22.37 t C/ha。研究结果表明,神农架国家级自然保护区在保护森林固碳能力方面取得了一定的成效。Nature reserves are a cornerstone of global conservation strategies. However, the effectiveness of the reserve in conserving ecosystem function such as carbon storage is poorly understood. The Shennongjia National Nature Reserve is a conservation icon and has taken exceptional efforts to protect forests. It provides a unique case to address this question. Here, we quantified the carbon storage from aboveground carbon, belowground carbon, litter, coarse woody debris, and soil organic carbon inside and outside the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve between 1990 and 2010, based on inventory data and digitized historical land cover maps.The result showed that the woodland covered 92.76% of the reserve,most of which was coniferous forest（51.85%）,deciduous broad-leaved forest（35.11%）,and evergreen broad-leaved forest（4.47%）.Between 1990 and 2010,the area of the woodland has increased 0.11%,while the area of shrubland and cropland has declined 8.85% and 6.06%,respectively.The Shennongjia National Natural Reserve has accumulated 24.24 Tg carbon（22.57–26.62 Tg C）until 2010,of which 90.68%was contributed by soil organic carbon and aboveground carbon.A total of 95% of the carbon storage in Shennongjia National Nature Reserve are contributed by evergreen broad-leaved forest,deciduous broad-leaved forest and coniferous forest.Between 1990 and 2010,the aboveground carbon pool and soil organic carbon pool has increased 14.50kt C（11.81–18.31 kt C）and 6.84 kt C,respectively.The carbon density inside the reserve is 22.37 t C/ha higher than that outside the reserve.Our results indicated that the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve is efficiently conserving forest carbon.

关 键 词：神农架国家级自然保护区 固碳 保护成效 森林 碳库 

分 类 号：S759.9[农业科学—森林经理学]