血气教育的消逝与校园欺凌的发生  

The Decline of Courage and Uprightness Education and the Emergence of School Bullying

作　　者：李长伟 

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学教育学部,山东济南250014

出　　处：《西北师大学报（社会科学版）》2018年第1期90-97,共8页Journal of Northwest Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：全国教育科学"十二五"规划国家一般课题"实践哲学视野中的教育学演变"(BAA130010)

摘　　要：校园欺凌是生发于现代社会的较为普遍的教育现象,在古典时代并不存在,这是因为古典时代重视灵魂中的血气以及血气教育。受过良好血气教育的学生,他紧盯并捍卫正义的秩序。同时,血性之人也因忠诚于正义秩序而必然友爱自己的同胞,因为正义所彰显的是每一个公民在其位置上的功能性发挥而形成的整体之善。不过,在现代政治哲学的奠基人霍布斯那里,自我保存与虚荣自负成为了人性的构成,且前者警醒着后者。但虚荣自负不是血气,因为它缺乏正义感和友爱。基于人性论的教育因之变成了爱护生命和驯服自负的教育。不过,现代人对血气教育的拒绝,对生命教育的重视,使得柔弱、无爱成为现代人的属性,同时,对虚荣自负的渴望作为一种强烈的激情又无法消除。在这种情形下,校园欺凌的发生就是很难避免的事情。不过,这也为解决校园欺凌指明了方向,那就是学校需要复归到古典哲学的"灵魂观",重新激发和教化灵魂中的"血气",锻造道德之勇。其中最为重要的就是建设和培育教育共同体。School bulling is a common phenomenon in modern schools,but did not exist in ancient times because courage and uprightness education was paid much more attention.Students who obtained courage and uprightness education always cared for social justice and were ready to protect themselves if necessary,and out of the same loyalty they tended to care for fellow citizens.But according to Hobbes,the founder of modern political philosophy,goodness as a whole is constituted by the freedom of self and vainglory.Yet vainglory is not the courage and uprightness,for which it lacks sense of justice and fellowship,and education based on such theory of human nature is therefore oriented towards the love of life and the discipline of vainglory.Nevertheless,for modern man,the rejection of courage and uprightness education results in tenderness and void of mutual bond,while the desire for vainglory as a strong passion could not be eliminated.In such situation,the phenomenon of school bullying grows to be inevitable.The school bullying under this perspective lies in the restoration of ancient view of ＂psyche＂,to achieve which modern schools are responsible for the inspiration and cultivation of courage and uprightness,the forging fortitude,and the construction of educational community.

关 键 词：血气 血气教育 自我保存 虚荣自负 校园欺凌 

分 类 号：G40-02[文化科学—教育学原理]