面向电动汽车能量管理的城市公交立体工况  

Spatial Driving Cycle for City Bus Considering Energy Management for Electric Vehicles

作　　者：解少博[1] 刘通[1] 陈欢[1] 魏朗[1] 

机构地区：[1]长安大学汽车学院,陕西西安710064

出　　处：《中国公路学报》2018年第1期143-150,共8页China Journal of Highway and Transport

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划("八六三"计划)项目(2012AA111106);汽车测控与安全四川省重点实验室基金项目(szjj2014-067)

摘　　要：针对电动公交车的能量管理与优化问题,以西安市为例构建包含车速和道路坡度的城市公交立体工况。采集公交车实车数据,提取含车速和坡度信息的短行程,并利用主成分分析和分层聚类分析法合成得到城市公交立体工况,对比合成工况和总体数据特征值的差异。基于一款插电式混合动力公交车(PHEV),在西安市20个连续的城市公交立体工况(总里程约100km)下分别应用电量消耗-电量维持策略(CD-CS)和全局优化理论中的动态规划(DP)2种典型能量控制策略进行行驶仿真,同时对比分析平面工况和立体工况及道路坡度对能量管理的影响。结果表明:合成工况特征参数的最大误差为9.44%,平均误差为4.63%;CD-CS和DP两种策略在立体工况下回收的制动能量比不考虑坡度的平面工况分别多32.80%和33.03%,且制动回收的能量随着坡度缩放系数的增大而增加;若忽略上下坡时的电机驱/制动功率,DP策略无法实现符合实际工况的能量优化分配,且当考虑坡度时,2种策略的能耗成本分别增加14.69%和10.43%;随着坡度缩放系数的增大,整车能耗成本以更快的速率增加,且CD-CS策略的能耗成本增长速率快于DP策略。To realize the optimal energy management for electric vehicles,the spatial driving cycle for the city bus was implemented including both the speed and road grade.With the sampled data in Xi＇an city,the short trip including speed and information of road grade was extracted,and the spatial driving cycle was synthesized by the principal component analysis method and hierarchical clustering methodology.Meanwhile,the error between characteristic parameters of synthetic conditions and the source data was compared.Then the energy management strategy for a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle（PHEV）was simulated with the typical methods including the chargedepletion and charge-sustaining（CD-CS）and dynamic programming（DP）based on 20 consecutive new running cycles,which reaches approximately 100 km.Meanwhile,the influence of spatial and plane driving cycle and road grade on the energy management was analyzed and further compared.The results show that the maximum and average errors of characteristic parameters are 9.44% and 4.63%,respectively.For CD-CS and DP strategies,the braking energy in the spatial driving cycle increases by 32.80%and 33.03%,respectively,compared withthe braking energy in the plane cycle.The recovery energy obtained during the braking will increase with the increasing grade scalar.Besides,it is impossible for the DP strategy to realize the optimal energy distribution corresponding to the actual working conditions, without considering the braking power during the process of upslope and minus grade.The energy consumption cost for both strategies increases by 14.69% and 10.43% respectively in consideration of road grade.Moreover,the energy cost will increase dramatically with the increasing scalar of road grade,whilst in particular,the energy cost of the CD-CS method presents a more rapid growing rate than that of the DP method.

关 键 词：汽车工程 插电式混合动力汽车 能量管理策略 立体工况 动态规划 坡度缩放系数 

分 类 号：U461.8[机械工程—车辆工程]