水质异味期间钱塘江杭州段表层水体中挥发性和半挥发性有机物污染特征及健康风险评价  

Pollution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds( VOCs ) and Semi-volatile Organic Compounds( SVOCs ) in Qiantang River's Hangzhou Section During a Water Odor Pollution Event

作　　者：陈峰[1] 唐访良[1] 徐建芬[1] 王奕奕[1] 阮东德[1] 张伟[1] 周姗[1] 

机构地区：[1]杭州市环境监测中心站,杭州310007

出　　处：《环境科学》2018年第2期648-654,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金：杭州市社会发展科研攻关项目(20120433B05);浙江省科技计划项目(2013C37093)

摘　　要：以水质异味事件发生前、发生中、发生后钱塘江杭州段表层水体为研究对象,用吹扫捕集/气相色谱-质谱法和液液萃取三重四级杆气相色谱-质谱法测定125种挥发性有机物(VOCs)和半挥发性有机物(SVOCs),分析其污染特征,并对监测结果进行健康风险评价.结果表明,4个监测断面表层水样定量检出17种化合物,检出质量浓度范围为0.01~1.21μg·L^(-1),属于低污染水平;二氯甲烷检出浓度最高,检出量占检出总量的36.3%,是主要贡献因子.异味事件发生期间,VOCs和SVOCs质量浓度明显高于发生前3个月或后3个月,高出幅度达2.1~4.6倍,体现了极强的外在源输入性;利用EPA推荐方法对通过饮水和皮肤接触途径摄入钱塘江水体中VOCs和SVOCs的健康风险进行评价,结果表明总非致癌风险指数ΣHI介于2.4×10^(-3)~3.6×10^(-2),总致癌风险指数ΣR介于1.9×10^(-7)~1.0×10^(-6),均属于社会人群可接受区间,因此尽管异味事件发生期间的ΣHI和ΣR均显著高于发生前3个月或后3个月,但其检出的VOCs或SVOCs不会对人体产生明显的非致癌或致癌健康危害.For surface water samples collected from the Hangzhou section of Qiantang River（ before,during,or after the occurrence of a water odor pollution event）,125 kinds of volatile organic compounds（ VOCs） and semi-volatile organic compounds（ SVOCs） were quantitatively determined via purgetrap-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid-liquid extraction-gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Then,the pollution characteristics of the VOCs and SVOCs were analyzed,and the health risk of these compounds was assessed. The results showed that 17 VOCs and SVOCs in the surface water samples of 4 monitoring sections were detected,in a concentration range of 0. 01-1. 21 μg·L^（-1）,which is a low pollution level. The concentration of dichloromethane was the highest of 17 VOCs and SVOCs,accounting for 36. 3%,and it was thus clear that dichloromethane was the main contributing factor.During the water odor pollution event,the concentrations of VOCs and SVOCs were significantly higher than they were in the three months before or after the occurrence of the event,by 2. 1-4. 6 times,reflecting the strong external source input. In addition,human health risk assessment of ingestion through drinking water and absorption through skin contact was performed using US EPA recommended methods. It indicated that the total non-carcinogenic and total carcinogenic risks（ Σ HI and Σ R） caused by VOCs and SVOCs are 2. 4 × 10^（-3）-3. 6 × 10^（-2） and 1. 9 × 10^（-7）-1. 0 × 10^（-6）,respectively,both of which belong to the acceptable risk level.Therefore,although Σ HI and Σ R during the occurrence of the odor event were significantly higher than those in the three months before or after the event,the VOCs and SVOCs detected will not cause obvious non-carcinogenic nor carcinogenic health effects on humans.

关 键 词：钱塘江 表层水体 挥发性有机物 半挥发性有机物 污染特征 健康风险评价 

分 类 号：X131[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X820.4