城市自来水管网中挥发性有机物的空间分布特征  

Occurrence and Spatial Distribution of Volatile Organic Compounds in Urban Drinking Water Distribution Systems

作　　者：许美佳 王海亮[1] 李春梅[1] 徐雄[1] 王东红[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心中国科学院饮用水科学与技术重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学中丹学院,北京100049

出　　处：《环境科学》2018年第2期655-662,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51290283;21677155);深圳市科创委基础研究项目(JCYJ20150630114942290)

摘　　要：分析了中国2座沿海城市(S市和L市)自来水管网中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的赋存状态,对检出的VOCs进行了健康风险评价,并探讨了检出VOCs在城市自来水管网中的分布规律.在本文选取的47种VOCs目标化合物中,所研究的2座城市自来水管网中共检出16种VOCs,在2市共同检出的VOCs为11种,以卤代烃类化合物为主,其中又以三卤甲烷类VOCs(一溴二氯甲烷、二溴一氯甲烷和三溴甲烷)的检出率最高(92%~100%).在浓度水平上,除一溴二氯甲烷和二溴一氯甲烷外,其他检出VOCs在2市自来水管网中的最大浓度均未超过我国《生活饮用水卫生标准(GB 5749-2006)》中相关化合物的限值.一溴二氯甲烷和二溴一氯甲烷在2座城市自来水管网中不仅浓度水平超标(限值分别为60μg·L-1和100μg·L-1),而且其致癌风险值(LCR)也处于不可接受的水平(>10-4),二者应当被给予足够的重视或被列为2市自来水管网中优先控制的污染物.此外,本研究还选择了8种检出率大于90%的VOCs,探讨了它们在S市自来水管网中的空间分布规律,结果表明,所研究的VOCs(除甲苯外)在该市自来水管网中的浓度都随管网输送距离的增加而逐渐降低.Volatile organic compounds（ VOCs） in the urban drinking water distribution systems for two coastal cities（ S City and L City） in China were analyzed. Health risk assessments of VOCs detected in tap water were performed, and the distribution characteristics of VOCs in the tap water pipe network were also investigated. Among 47 target VOCs,16 compounds were detected,of which 11 were detected in both S City and L City. Halogenated hydrocarbons were the most commonly detected VOCs,with trihalomethanes（ including bromodichloromethane,dibromochloromethane,and bromoform） having the highest detection frequencies（ 92%-100%）. With the exception of bromodichloromethane and dibromochloromethane,the maximum concentrations of detected VOCs in both cities complied with the relevant limits regulated by the standards for drinking water quality（ GB 5749-2006）. For bromodichloromethane and dibromochloromethane,not only did their concentrations exceed the standard limits of GB 5749-2006（ 60μg·L^（-1） for bromodichloromethane and 100 μg·L^（-1） for dibromochloromethane）,but their lifetime cancer risks（ LCR） were estimated at unacceptable levels（〉 10-4）. Therefore,these two compounds should be given sufficient attention or be classified as priority control pollutants in municipal water supply networks. In addition,the spatial distribution of eight VOCs with high detection frequencies（ 〉90%） in the tap water pipe network of S City was investigated. The concentrations of VOCs（ excluding toluene） in this urban drinking water distribution system gradually decreased with increasing distance from the drinking water treatment plant.

关 键 词：挥发性有机物(VOCs) 自来水管网 空间分布特征 健康风险评价 沿海城市 

分 类 号：X131[环境科学与工程—环境科学]