电子垃圾拆解工人的肝功能和肾功能健康状况及影响因素分析：以清远市龙塘镇为例  

Liver and Kidney Function of E-waste Dismantling Workers and Potential Influencing Factors

作　　者：严骁 李淑圆 王美欢[1] 许榕发 郑晶[1] 任明忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部华南环境科学研究所,国家环境保护环境污染健康风险评价重点实验室,广州510655

出　　处：《环境科学》2018年第2期953-960,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(PM-zx703-201701-040,PM-zx703-201701-039)

摘　　要：高浓度水平的重金属、持久性有机污染物(POPs)等的环境暴露对电子垃圾拆解工人健康的影响,近年来已引起了人们的广泛关注.以电子垃圾拆解工人的肝功能和肾功能健康状况为研究对象,通过比较电子垃圾拆解工人和对照组人群血液中肝功能和肾功能指标的情况,同时结合性别、年龄、职业暴露时间等因素的相关分析,分析电子垃圾拆解工人肝、肾功能的健康状况及影响因素,研究肝肾功能指标对环境污染物造成健康损害的敏感程度.结果表明,广东清远龙塘镇电子垃圾拆解工人肝功能指标谷草转氨酶/谷丙转氨酶(AST/ALT)及直接胆红素(DBIL)显著低于对照组,但肝功能与肾功能的异常率与对照组均无显著差异;男性工人肝功能、肾功能指标的异常率较女性工人高;电子垃圾拆解工人肝功能指标AST/ALT和肾功能指标尿素氮(BUN)与年龄呈正相关,肌酐(CREA)指标与电子垃圾拆解从业时间呈正相关;肝功能ALT、AST/ALT指标及肾功能BUN、CREA指标作为评价有机污染物造成的肝、肾功能损伤具有较好敏感性,肝功能DBIL指标作为评价多种污染物共同作用造成的肝功能损伤具有较好敏感性.High levels of exposure to heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants（ POPs） by e-waste dismantling workers has attracted increasing attention,but the health conditions of the workers are seldom reported. The liver and kidney functions of the workers were studied by comparing the blood indicators of the worker group with those of the control group. Moreover,factors affecting the liver and kidney functions,such as the sexuality,age,and working time,were identified using correlation analysis. The ratio of aspartate transaminase and alanine aminotransferase（ AST/ALT） and the direct bilirubin（ DBIL） of the workers were significantly lower than the control group but the abnormal rate of liver and kidney remained the same in both groups. The abnormal rates of liver and kidney were higher in men than in women. ALT,AST/ALT,and urea nitrogen（ BUN） increased with age while creatinine（ CREA） increased with working time. The factors of liver and kidney damage caused by POPs and DBIL can be used as the indicators of the damage caused by multi-factors.

关 键 词：重金属 持久性有机污染物(POPs) 肝功能 肾功能 电子垃圾拆解工人 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学] R994.6[医药卫生—毒理学]