黄土高原-青藏高原过渡带农户生产系统的经济效益——以通渭-渭源-夏河样带为例  

The economic benefits of integrated farming system in the transitional region from Loess Plateau to Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau——A case study of Tongwei-Weiyuan-Xiahe transect

作　　者：彭露茜 高小叶[1] 侯扶江[1] 

机构地区：[1]草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室农业部草牧业创新重点实验室兰州大学草地农业科技学院,兰州730020

出　　处：《科学通报》2018年第2期201-213,共13页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家科技基础性工作专项(2012FY111900);国家自然科学基金(31672472);长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT_17R50)资助

摘　　要：黄土高原-青藏高原过渡区是我国地形第一阶梯向第二阶梯过渡的重要生态区,农户生产与独特生态环境相互作用、相互影响,为了实现这一人类-环境耦合系统的可持续发展,需要认识其农户生产系统的结构与特征.为此,建立通渭-渭源-夏河样带,根据统计年鉴、实地问卷调查和各类政府报告统计,收集目标数据,分析农户作物、家畜和综合系统的生产要素投入-产出结构、生产系统水平和农户占比.结果显示,过渡带农户生产系统水平自东向西呈梯度变化,根据Logistic预测模型拟合,农户占比和农户生产系统水平显著相关(P=0.000),农户占比对农户生产系统水平响应速度和阈值点处农户生产系统经济效益不同.(1)作物生产:过渡带自东向西户均耕地面积、劳动力、作物投入和产出递减,其中劳动力和化肥投入量占总投入75%以上,马铃薯、玉米经济效益高于小麦;农户占比在阈值点50%时的经济效益递减,通渭(13.67千元/户)>渭源(12.65千元/户)>夏河(-2.68千元/户).(2)家畜生产:家畜养殖规模、天然草地面积、投入递增,产出东西高,通渭、渭源、夏河的农户的动物生产分别以猪(0.14千元/户)、羊(1.84千元/户)和牛的经济效益最高(32.79千元/户).(3)综合生产:经济投入,夏河农户占比响应速率为1.30,比通渭和渭源分别高0.61和0.70;经济产出,夏河农户占比响应速率最低(0.085),低于通渭(0.17)和渭源(0.37);农户占比增长到阈值点50%时,经济效益夏河(30.57千元/户)>通渭(20.22千元/户)>渭源(13.07千元/户).农户占比由增长拐点进入饱和期时,通渭、渭源和夏河农户占比对于投入分别增加了45.76%,47.98%和45.60%,而产出分别增加了43.20%,42.60%和45.60%,阈值点处经济效益分别为30.52,16.32和64.70千元/户.为实现过渡带农户生产系统的生态效益和经济效益有效耦合,可加强作物副产品和"废弃物"补饲家畜,在阈值点附近调�The region between the Loess Plateau and the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is an important ecological zone in China which is located in the transition zone of continental plate from the second step terrain to the first step terrain.The local people in the area mainly depend on crops,livestock and crop and livestock integration.The crop and livestock integration is strongly interrelated to ecological characteristics of the region and the human activities.In this study we investigated the key factors for economic benefits of farming systems and social structure along a transect of the region;Tongwei（TW）,Weiyuan（WY）and Xiahe（XH）.The data for the study was obtained by the statistical year book of China.The key factors for input and output of different crop production systems and livestock systems were used for the study.We used Logistic regression model to examine the relationship of proportion of farmers in the population and the productivity of the faming system（based on input vs output）.We found a significant correlation between proportion of farmers and the farmer productivity（P0.0001）.There was a noticeable contrasting gradients in crop and livestock farmer productivity from east to west of the region.In crop production systems higher productivity was observed in east while for livestock systems higher productivity was observed in west.The threshold levels for the response speed of proportion of farmers to the farm productivity and economic benefits were different in different systems.Crop production systems：cropland area,labor force,input and output of a household decreased from east to west of the region.The inputs of labor and fertilizer accounted more than 75%of the farm investment.The economic benefits were higher from potatoes and corn than wheat.The economic benefits decreased with increasing proportion of farmers in the population up to a threshold of 50%.The economic benefits of the three study sites of the region were：TW（13.67×10-3$/farm）WY（12.65×10-3$/farm）XH（-2.68×10-3$

关 键 词：作物生产 家畜生产 综合生产系统 混合农业 投入 产出 Logistic模型 

分 类 号：F327[经济管理—产业经济]