Geographical Environment for the Safe Production of Food  

食物安全生产的地理环境背景（英文）

作　　者：王利[1,2] 许月凤 孔畅 孟敏 王五一 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地表层格局与模拟院重点实验室,北京100101 [2]荷兰马斯特里赫特大学卫生、医学与社会学学院,荷兰马斯特里赫特6200MD [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《Journal of Resources and Ecology》2018年第1期13-21,共9页资源与生态学报（英文版）

基　　金：FORHEAD with funding from the Rockefeller Brothers Fund(RBF)

摘　　要：Food is essential for human survival, but harmful, toxic substances in food damage and threaten human health. Food production is inseparable from the place where the food is produced; that is, from the geographical environment that consists of natural and human environments, two parts of a unified whole. China’s territory is vast and its geographical environment is complex and diverse. Food production patterns in different parts of the country vary significantly, as do local socio-economic and cultural conditions. Such differences have an enormous impact on food safety. Based on the geographical area where food is produced in China, this paper reveals the main environmental problems arising from industrial and agricultural production activities, and related risks for food safety and health. In concluding, we make some recommendations for countermeasures. The main food safety related environmental problems include the excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides; high background levels of heavy metals; discharge of wastewater and heavy metals; and excessive use of additives and antibiotics in livestock and poultry breeding and aquatic products. All these issues can lead to huge risks for food safety and thus health. These are not simply scientific issues, but also political, economic and legal issues, as well as social problems that differ from region to region. Therefore, comprehensive studies are needed to identify risks to food safety and health hazards in different areas. Systematic and comprehensive risk assessments of health problems caused by changing ecosystems, environmental pollution, nutrition problems and lifestyle, and especially comprehensive risk assessments of regional environmental changes and health risks are needed. Measures based on an understanding of local conditions must be put forward to protect food safety and health, to strengthen multi-sectoral management, and to improve environmental quality食物是人类生存和健康所必需的,而食物中的有毒、有害物质会损害和威胁人体健康。安全的食物关系到我们每一个人的健康与生命。同时,食物生产离不开其所处的地方,也就是地理环境,即自然环境和人文环境两大部分的统一整体。我国幅员广阔,地理环境复杂多样,不同区域的食物生产格局差异明显,加之各地社会经济文化条件迥异,都会对食物安全产生巨大的影响。本文以我国食物生产的地理区域为基础,结合工农业生产活动产生的主要环境问题,揭示食物安全与健康的相关风险,进而提出对策建议。本文纳入的主要食品安全有关的环境问题包括:过度使用农药和化肥、主要种植区重金属高环境背景值、废水和重金属的大量排放、在畜禽养殖和水产品中过量使用添加剂和抗生素。这些环境问题均可对食品安全带来风险,进而对健康带来损害。由于环境-食品安全-健康涉及自然、社会、经济等多个方面,它既是科学问题,又是政治问题,也是经济问题,还是法律问题,同时也是社会问题,并具有明显的区域差异。因此,需要从总体上重视,开展多学科的综合研究,揭示不同类型区的环境-食物安全-健康危害度与风险性;需要对生态系统变化、环境污染和膳食营养及生活方式改变引起的健康问题,进行系统和综合的风险评价,特别是区域环境变化与健康安全的综合风险评估,并提出因地制宜的保障食品安全与健康的措施,加强多部门的管理,改善环境和保障食物安全与健康。

关 键 词：food safety geographical environment environmental pollution China 

分 类 号：TS201.6[轻工技术与工程—食品科学] X56[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]