基于成本利润率的两级供应链优化与协调  

Two stage supply chain optimization and coordination based on rate of profit to cost

作　　者：李艳冰 汪传旭[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海事大学经济管理学院,上海201306

出　　处：《管理工程学报》2018年第1期100-106,共7页Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71373157);上海海事大学研究生(博士)创新基金资助项目(2013ycx064)

摘　　要：本文以成本利润率为目标函数,研究了由供应商和零售商组成的两级供应链的优化与协调问题。首先分别提出分散决策、集中决策和回购策略下的供应链决策模型;其次,从理论上进行比较分析,通过比较得出集中决策情形下零售商的最优订货量高于分散决策情形下的最优订货量;供应商采用回购策略下零售商的最优订货量高于不采用回购策略下零售商的最优订货量;基于成本利润率最大化的订货量低于基于利润最大化时的订货量;再次,提出基于成本利润率的供应链回购协调机制;最后结合算例分析回购因子和需求的不确定性程度对零售商订货量、零售商和供应商成本利润率的影响。得到如下结论:零售商的订货量、零售商和供应商的成本利润率随着回购因子的增加而增加,随着需求不确定性程度的提高而下降。The existing literatures related to supply chain optimization and coordination are mainly concerned about the player＇s profit maximization, utility maximization, and cost minimization. We investigate supply chain optimization and coordination issue based on the maximization of the rate of profit to cost（RPC）. RPC represents the ratio of profit to the cost of one enterprise in a certain period. In reality, RPC is very useful for enterprises to choose operational varieties, and measure business benefit of each operational variety. RPC has more practical value for enterprise accounting report, because the accounting report users（including investors） are mainly concerned about the economic benefit of enterprise cost. RPC provides information about the relationship between enterprise＇s cost and income. This study investigates RPC maximization, optimization and coordination issues for a two stage supply chain consisting of one supplier and one retailer, in which the rate of profit to cost is represented as an objective function. The decision models under decentralization, centralization, and buyback policy are developed, respectively. The comparison analysis for the above three different decision models is then performed. The supply chain coordination mechanism with buyback policy based on RPC maximization is developed. At last, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed models, and analyze the impact of buyback factor and demand variation on the order quantity and the RPCs of the supplier and the retailer. Firstly, the decision models under decentralization, centralization, and buyback policy are developed, respectively. Using the first-order and second-order conditions, this study proved that the optimal order quantity exists in the above-mentioned decision models. Secondly, a comparison analysis is performed. The findings show that the order quantity with centralized decision is greater than that with decentralized decision, and the order quantity wit

关 键 词：供应链协调 成本利润率 回购策略 

分 类 号：F273[经济管理—企业管理]