0～5月龄婴儿母乳喂养困难调查及影响因素研究  

Study on breastfeeding difficulties and related influencing factors among infants aged 0～5 months

作　　者：叶芳[1] 林荭 陈杰[1] 刘芳[1] 范钦颖[1] 张勇[1] 王琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中日友好医院预防保健科,北京100029

出　　处：《中国儿童保健杂志》2018年第3期290-293,共4页Chinese Journal of Child Health Care

基　　金：人力资源与社会保障部课题(2013-QTL-027);中日友好医院青年科技英才项目(2014-QNYC-A-07)

摘　　要：目的调查和分析北京市某城区婴儿母乳喂养困难的现状及影响因素,为促进母乳喂养的干预措施提供依据。方法选取2016年1月1日-12月31日在本院儿童保健门诊进行常规体检,进行母乳喂养的120例婴儿及母亲作为研究对象,采用统一问卷(一般情况、产科史、Via Christi母乳喂养评价量表)进行横断面调查研究。结果 120例研究对象Via Christi量表的平均得分为8.2±1.4,70%的婴儿仅存在轻微或不存在母乳喂养困难,30%的婴儿存在中度母乳喂养困难。量表5个条目中得分最低的两项客观指标分别为"含接到有效吸吮之间持续时间"(1.0±0.9)和"乳头含接"(1.7±0.4)。影响因素的分析结果显示,出生后1周内进行纯母乳喂养[OR=0.140,95%CI:(0.024~0.802)]和顺产[OR=0.343,95%CI:(0.174~0.879)]是母乳喂养的保护因素(P均<0.05),流动人口[OR=8.679,95%CI:(1.558~48.338)]和早产[OR=5.470,95%CI:(1.216~25.030)]是母乳喂养的危险因素(P均<0.05)。结论母乳喂养过程中发生问题最多的是"乳头含接"和"含接后到有效吸吮"这两个环节;流动人口、出生后1周内混合喂养、早产儿和剖宫产是发生母乳喂养困难的危险因素,在临床实际工作中应给予重点关注。Ohjeetive To investigate the present situation of breastfeeding difficulties and its influencing factors in an urban area in Beijing,so as to provide scientific evidence for formulating interventions. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect data of 120 cases of infants aged 0 to 5 months fed by breast milk and their mothers from Jan. 1^st to Dec. 31th,2016. Participants were investigated with general information questionnaire and Via Christi breastfeeding assess- ment tool. Results The mean score of Via Christi tool was 8.2±1.4. Seventy percent of infants were assessed as low risk while the rest as medium risk. The items of ＂length of time before latch-on and suckle＂ and ＂latch-on＂ received lowest scores with 1.0±0.9 and 1. 7 ± 0.4. Exclusive breastfeeding during the first week after birth [OR= . 140,95%CI： （0. 024± 0. 802）] and vaginal birth [OR=0. 343,95 %CI： （0. 174-0. 879）] were two protective factors of breastfeeding（P〈0.05）. Floating population EOR=8. 679,95%CI：（1. 558-48. 338）] and preterm fOR=5. 470,95%]CI： （1. 216-25. 030）] were two hazardous factors（P〈0.05）. Conclusions The most problematic procedures during breastfeeding were ＂latch-on＂ and ＂length of time before latch-on and suckle＂. Priority attention should be given to infants with hazardous factors including floating population,mixed feeding during the first week after birth, preterm, and C-section.

关 键 词：母乳喂养 VIA Christi母乳喂养评价量表 婴儿 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]