不同物候期天然牧草与油菜籽组合发酵特性研究  

Combination Fermentation Characteristics of Rapeseed and Native Grass in Different Phenological Period by in vitro Gas Production Technique

作　　者：拜彬强[1,2,3] 郝力壮[1,2,3,4,5] 刘书杰 龙瑞军[5] 吴克选[1,2,3,4] 牛建章[1,2,3,4] 

机构地区：[1]青海省高原放牧家畜营养与生态国家重点实验室培育基地/青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [2]青海高原牦牛研究中心,青海西宁810016 [3]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海西宁810016 [4]青海省畜牧兽医科学院,青海西宁810016 [5]兰州大学草地农业科技学院兰州大学青藏高原生态系统国际管理中心,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2016年第2期45-52,共8页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：青海大学中青年科研基金(2011-QNY-8);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973项目)(NO.2012CB722906);国家自然科学基金(31060315);青海省重大科技平台建设项目(2011-Z-Y12A;2012-Z-Y08;2013-Z-Y03)

摘　　要：将全年四期(枯草期、返青期、青草期和枯黄期)天然混合牧草与油菜籽分别以100∶0、95∶5、90∶10、85∶15、80∶20的比例进行组合,采用体外发酵产气技术研究其发酵产气特性及甲烷含量。结果表明:除枯草期20%油菜籽水平组的理论最大产气量极显著低于5%水平组及对照组外(P<0.01),其他各组理论最大产气量差异均不显著(P>0.05);产气速率常数随油菜籽比例的上升而增大,且20%水平组最大,除青草期外,均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);除20%水平组的pH显著高于对照组外(P<0.05),其他各组差异均不显著(P>0.05);除返青期外,其他三期20%水平组的NH3-N浓度均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);甲烷产量随油菜籽比例上升而降低,15%水平组的最低,特别是返青期,15%和20%水平组的甲烷产量均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);除枯黄期外,15%水平组的产气组合效应均最佳。结论认为,油菜籽可在不影响瘤胃正常发酵的情况下,抑制甲烷产量,且最佳组合比例为15%。In this study,in vitro gas production technique was used to evaluate the fermentation characteristics and methane production of mixed native grass in different phenological period and rapeseed at ratios of 100:0,95:5,90:10,85:15and 80:20.The results showed that the theoretical maximum gas production of forage adding 20%rapeseed group was extremely lower than that adding 5% and control group(P<0.01)in withered period,GP of other groups were not significantly different(P>0.05);Gas production rate constant was increasing with the rising adding of rapeseed,when adding 20%,it reached the maximum and was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.01)except for greenup period.The pH value of forage adding 20%rapeseeds was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),the pH among other groups were not significantly different(P>0.05);The NH3-N concentration was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.01)in withered period,grass period and withering period;The methane production was decreasing with the rising adding of rapeseeds and the lowest was in forage adding 15%rapeseeds.In greenup period,both the methane production of 15%and 20%rapeseeds groups were significantly lower than that of control groups(P<0.01).The associate effects of cumulative gas production of 15%rapeseeds groups were the best except for withering period.It could be concluded that the method of adding rapeseed in feed can inhibit methane production without affecting rumen fermentation,and the best combination was at the ratio of 85:15.

关 键 词：天然牧草 油菜籽 体外产气 甲烷 

分 类 号：S816.6[农业科学—饲料科学]