南疆典型城市环境质量与风向特征分析  

Analysis of Environmental Quality and Wind Direction Characteristics of the Typical Cities in Southern Xinjiang

作　　者：吴梅[1] 汤万龙[1] 何亚平 

机构地区：[1]新疆建设职业技术学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830026 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区气象信息中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2018年第1期37-43,共7页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目地区科学基金项目(51368059)

摘　　要：利用1981—2015年气象观测资料,选择阿克苏市、喀什市、和田市、阿图什市4市作为样本,分析了南疆典型城市的气候基本特征,并探讨了它们的风向特征;结合2016年相应城市空气污染物SO2、NO2、PM10、CO、O3、PM2.5环境监测日报数据,分析了典型城市环境质量特征。结果表明:(1)4个城市年降水少、蒸发量大,日照时数长,浮尘、扬沙频发,属于典型的"沙漠-绿洲"生态脆弱城市。(2)4个城市的空气质量较差,首要污染物是PM10,其次是PM2.5。(3)根据风向资料,绘制4个城市的风向频率玫瑰图和污染系数玫瑰图,综合考虑阿克苏城市环境功能区划分时工业区应选在WSW方向;喀什市工业区应选在NNE方向;阿图什市工业区应选在NNW方向,其次是S方向;和田市工业区可选在NNE方向。(4)南疆四市在城市开发过程中应建设多层次的绿化结构,充分利用地域特点,发展绿色经济,提高城市的生态承载力。4个城市进行工业园区布局时,应从大局出发,做好宏观的科学的统筹规划。Based on the meteorological observation data in recent 35 years, from 1981 to 2015, taking four cities （Ak s u ,Kashgar,Hotan and Artux）as the typical cities o f southern X inj iang ,and the climate o f these four typical cities were analyzed,and the wind characteristic in the whole year and four seasons were analyzed separately.The data of dai ly environmental monitoring o f SO2,NO2, PM10,CO,O3 and PM2.5 were collected and analyzed.The results showed th a t： （1） Four cities all had less annual p re c ipitation,large evaporation, long sunshine hours , d u s t- f lo a t in g and sand-blowing occurring frequently all year around,they belonged to the typical ecologically fragile c ity o f “ desert - oasis^^（2） The air quality o f the four cities was poor.The main pollutants were PM10,,ollowed by PM2. 5：3 ） According to the wind direction data,we drawn the rose diagrams of the wind direction frequency and atmospheric pollution coefficient.Comprehensive consideration of urban environmental functional areas, the industrial zone should be selected in the WSW direction in Aksu; The industrial area of Kashgar should be selected in NNE direction; The c ity of Artux should be selected inNNWdi rection , followed by S d ire c t io n ;H o ta n in d u s tr ia lzo n e could be selected in SSE - SE direction. （4） Four cities in South X inj iang should b u i ld a m ulti - le v e l greening structure in the urban development process,make fu l l use o f geographical features, develop a green economy and enhance the ecological carrying capacity of the four cities.When the four cities carried out the layout of the industrial p a rk s, they should take the overall interest and make a holistic and scientificplanning.

关 键 词：气候特征 环境质量 风向频率 污染系数 城市规划 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]