颠覆传统:拉什迪短篇小说集《东方,西方》解读  

To Undermine Any Ideological Certainties:A Reading of East,West

作　　者：蒋虹[1,2] 李升炜[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学外国语言文学学院,北京100085 [2]北京师范大学外国文学研究所,北京100085 [3]西北师范大学外国语学院

出　　处：《北华大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第1期122-127,共6页Journal of Beihua University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务专项资金资助项目;北京师范大学自主科研基金项目(文科)“英语短篇小说--从现实主义到后现代主义”(SKZZB2015023)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：《撒旦诗篇》的出版及霍梅尼对其作者及出版商发出的"追杀令",引发了关于西方社会赖以存在的价值观的争论,特别是关于言论自由、亵渎,以及宗教在世俗社会中的作用等的争论。目前,这场辩论已扩展为"东方"和"西方"之间的辩论,并仍在全世界范围内继续。拉什迪1994年出版的短篇小说集《东方,西方》,可以看作是对这场辩论做出的某种注解。本文试图证明,这些故事可以帮助读者超越主宰目前这场辩论的狭隘的二元对立的藩篱。像传统的形形色色的"东方主义"一样,这种二元对立是基于乐观的本质主义的,它断言"东方"和"西方","自由主义"和"伊斯兰"是很容易被识别的实体。从《东方,西方》对传统的"东方"和"西方"观念及对东、西方关于"神圣的观念"的挑战两个方面来看,作者通过使用杂糅、混杂和大杂烩等手法,其写作目的是"挑战各种绝对观念",破坏任何意识形态的确定性,抵制任何形式的挪用。作者想要表达的观点是,文学作品不应该是"整一的",而应该是多样化的。The publication of The Satanic Verses and Khomeini＇s fatwah against Salman Rushdie and his publishers have triggered a debate on the values upon which western society is built,in particular on the freedom of speech,on blasphemy,and on the role of religion in a secular society.It has become more and more apparent that this debate has been expanded to the one concerned with the cultural clash between ＂the West＂and ＂the East＂.East,West,the volume of short stories Salman Rushdie published in 1994,could be seen to make some kinds of contribution to the ongoing debate.This paper intends to demonstrate that these stories can help their readers look beyond the narrow limits of the dichotomic debate. This dichotomic view,however,like more traditional kinds of＂orientalism＂,is predicated on the optimistically essentialist assumption that＂the East＂and＂the West＂,＂liberalism＂and＂Islam＂are entities that can be easily identified.This paper intends to prove Rushdie＇s aim to undermine ideological certainties of any sort,and to resist any kind of appropriation using hybridity,mélange and hotchpotch through two aspects： one is to undermine conventional notions of the East and the West,the other is to undermine the idea of the sacred both in the West and the East.Rushdie wants to demonstrate that if literature wants to be its own,it should be manifold other than unitary.

关 键 词：东方 西方 拉什迪 颠覆传统 本质主义 多样化 

分 类 号：I14[文学—世界文学]