“定义”性与“注释”性——文化思维模式与人类学实践模式关系试析  

“ Definition”and“Annotation”: An Analysis of the Relationship between the Mode of Cultural Thinking and Anthropological Practice

作　　者：刘华[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西民族大学文学院

出　　处：《民族学刊》2017年第6期23-29,102-103,共9页Journal of Ethnology

摘　　要：本文从利奇与费孝通关于中国人类学研究的论辩出发,尝试性地分析了现代西方文化的"定义"性特征和中国传统文化的"注释"性特征对西方人类学与中国早期人类学的不同影响,认为中国早期人类学家即便曾采用西方人类学的某些研究方法或理论模式,由于在对待这门学科的前在立场及思维模式上存在差异,在人类学的学科实践上走向了不同的方向,即中国早期人类学家把西方社会科学知识作为一种认知手段来重新注释、解释整体性观念下的"中国"——此"中国"并非仅仅是民族国家系列中"一国"的政治地理概念,它还包含着从自身历史与文明中承继而来的对生命及世界的整体性看法。This paper starts from the controversy between Fei Xiaotong and Edmund Leach,and tries to analyze the different modes of thinking of anthropologists who have grown up in different cultural backgrounds. Different cultural thinking modes not only affect anthropologists＇ research positions,attitudes and methods,but also affect the anthropological models of practice,is even related to the issue of ＂Sinicized＂Anthropology.Ⅰ. ＂Exotic Culture＂and ＂Local Culture＂：the Debate between Fei Xiaotong and Leach In ＂Rereading ‘Peasant Life in China · Preface ＇＂（ 1997）,Fei Xiaotong explored the question raised by British anthropologist Edmund Leach in his Social Anthropology（ 1982） namely,is it possible, like Chinese anthropologists do, to study one＇s own society？（ Leach,1982 ： 124-125）Leach＇s point of view relates to a basic concept in anthropology,that is,in order to minimize bias or prejudice,anthropologists in contact with an unfamiliar culture should try to use the ＂eyes of the other＂in order to see their world. This idea is based upon the differences between ＂self ＂ and＂other＂,＂native culture＂and ＂exotic culture＂;and it means that the anthropologist must maintain both positions of ＂himself ＂ and the ＂other ＂,keeping the necessary balance,and then,within the tension of the two,carry out his research. Although later Western anthropologists continued to develop more complex theoretical systems, they never departed from this original concept.However,Fei viewed cultural similarities and differences as an ambiguous body,saying ＂I am part of you and you are part of me ＂,analyzing it from a holistic concept and position. Divergence lies within the differing motives and positions of different modes of cultural thinking.Ⅱ. Definition and Annotation Fei once explained Chinese-style ＂annotation＂as a way ＂to maintain the form of the power of the elders while injecting contents of change …as long as this form is recognized on the surface,the content

关 键 词：费孝通 “定义”性 “注释”性 

分 类 号：C912.4[经济管理]