学校心理咨询师在双重关系和保密原则上的态度和决策  

School counselors' attitude and decision-making towards dual relationship and confidentiality situations in counseling

作　　者：朱蓉蓉 王衍 白建磊 沈颖雪 李俊[2] 钱铭怡[2] 

机构地区：[1]合肥工业大学党委学生工作部心理健康教育与咨询中心,合肥230009 [2]北京大学心理与认知科学学院,行为与心理健康北京市重点实验室,北京100080

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2018年第3期185-190,共6页Chinese Mental Health Journal

摘　　要：目的:了解学校心理咨询中,心理咨询师对双重关系和突破保密的态度及决策。方法:选取学校心理咨询师123人(男27人,女96人,年龄20~60岁,中小学心理咨询师41人,大学心理咨询师82人),采用自编学校心理咨询师双重关系和保密原则的态度和决策问卷进行调查,该问卷通过情境问题的设置考察学校心理咨询师对待双重关系、保密原则的态度和决策。结果:71.5%的心理咨询师(n=88)选择"不会接受与咨询学生建立其他关系",14.6%的心理咨询师(n=18)选择"接受与咨询学生建立其他关系"。未接受常规督导的心理咨询师更倾向于认为接受学生咨询后要求建立的其他关系可能会提高来访者的自我接纳或自尊(P<0.05)。学校心理咨询师认为应该突破保密协议或者会告知来访学生监护人的问题排名前3位为自伤及自杀、吸毒、不良团伙。心理咨询师面对"学生有自杀的计划"具体情境比面对"学生有离家出走的计划"更容易突破保密协议(P<0.001)。结论:学校心理咨询师在双重关系和保密的态度与决策在一定程度上会受到是否接受督导以及来访者问题的具体情境的影响。Objective： To explore school counselors＇attitude and decision-making towards dual relationship and confidentiality. Methods： Totally 123 school counselors （27 males and 96 females, aged 20 to 60 years old, 41 primary and secondary counselors, 82 college counselors） filled up of self-designed Questionnaire for School Psy- chological Consultants on Dual Relationship and Confidentiality Rules, and the related factors which could influence the school counselors＂ attitude and their decision-making in dual relationship and confidentiality in the counseling work. ResUlts： Totally 71.5% （n = 88） school counselors chose not to accept other relationships with students after counseling, 14. 6% （n = 18） school counselors chose to accept other relationships with students after counse- ling. The school counselors who had not accepted supervisioneasier to answer as ＂accept other relationship may raise clients self-esteem or feelings＂ than those had got supervision （P 〈 0.05）. The school counselor believed that the confidentiality agreement should be breached of the top 3 （ suicide attention, drug use and bad gangs）. Counselors easier to breach confidentiality agreements on situation of students had suicide plans than situation of students had plans to run away from home（P 〈 O. 001）. Conclusion： This study shows that two factors, including supervision and differential clients ＂issue may have effect on school counselors＂ attitudes and decision-making towards dual rela- tionship and confidentiality situation in their counseling practice.

关 键 词：学校心理咨询 咨询师 伦理规范 双重关系 保密原则 

分 类 号：R749.059[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学] R-052[医药卫生—临床医学]