欧洲音乐对中国音乐的影响——兼论20世纪管弦乐创作历程  

The Influence of European Music on Chinese Music——On the Creation Process of Orchestral Music in the Twentieth Century

作　　者：刘靖之[1] 

机构地区：[1]香港大学人文社会研究所,香港999077

出　　处：《南京艺术学院学报（音乐与表演版）》2017年第4期23-30,共8页Journal of Nanjing Arts Institute:Music & Performance

摘　　要：欧洲音乐对中国音乐的影响始于几百年前甚至是上千年前,这种影响是由欧洲来华的天主教和基督传教士、神父通过传教活动引起的。早期局限于崇拜仪式,而音乐则通过宗教仪式为中国教友所熟悉。从十九世纪末到二十世纪初,旧式学堂被新式学校所取代,1905年科举考试终止,音乐课首次被编排到学校课程的体系之中。随之涌现出了新式作曲技法的学堂乐歌,这些乐歌在儿童和学生之间流行开来。这就是中国新音乐的开端,即"欧化的中国音乐",编曲或作曲者多为学校音乐教师。这种新型欧化了的中国音乐简称为"新音乐"。此术语类似1919年"五四运动"中出现的"新文学"的概念。根据二十世纪中国社会、政治和军事的发展来看,中国新音乐的历史可以划分为以下几个时期:学堂乐歌时期、"五四运动"时期、抗日战争时期、内战时期、建国初期的十七年、"文化大革命"时期、1978年以后以及台湾、香港和澳门的"新音乐"发展。二十世纪,欧洲音乐对中国的影响主要体现在三个方面:音乐作品的作者、作品所运用的音乐语言以及对音乐的思维和美的品味。然而,中国的欧洲音乐爱好者对这三点表现的虽然相当强烈,同时也颇为肤浅。这种影响是强烈的,因为中国有太多的音乐爱好者崇拜欧洲音乐;这种表现是肤浅的,是因为中国作曲家的作品缺乏扎扎实实的内容——哲学的、人文的。上面便是这篇文章所讨论的主要内容。The influence of European music on Chinese music, dating back to as early as hundreds of years, even thousands of years ago, was first exerted by European Catholic and Christian missionaries and priests who travelled to China through missionary activities. Confined by worship services in earlier days, the music became familiar to church members in China mainly through religious rites. From the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century, old-fashioned schools were gradually replaced by new-style schools. When the imperial examination system was terminated in 1905, music class became a part of school curriculum system for the first time in history. With the emergence of school songs that adopted new composition techniques, these songs became widely popular among children and students. This is the beginning of Chinese New Music, i.e. Europeanized Chinese music, the arrangers and composers of which were mostly school music teachers. This new type of Europeanized Chinese music was called "New Music" for short, which was similar to the concept of "New Literature" in the May 4th Movement of 1919 in China. According to the social, political and military developments in china throughout the twentieth century, the history of Chinese new music can be divided into the following periods: School Songs period, May 4th Movement period, War of Resistance against Japan period, Chinese Civil War period, the first 17 years after the foundation of New China, Cultural Revolution period, the years after 1978, and the developments of "New Music" in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao.In the twentieth century, the influence of European music in China was mainly reflected in three aspects: the author of musical pieces, musical language adopted by a piece of work, and the taste of musical thinking and beauty. However,the per formance of Chinese fans of European music in these three aspects was notewor thy, yet rather super ficial. The influence was strong in that there were plenty of music fans in China who worshipped European music, w

关 键 词：新式欧化的中国音乐 新音乐 人文音乐 专业作曲家 音乐语言 音乐思维 审美 管弦乐思维 

分 类 号：J602[艺术—音乐] J601