不同微观驾驶行为对基本路段交通流运行特征的影响  

Effects of Different Driving Behaviors on Freeway Traffic Flow Characteristics

作　　者：王益 荣建 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学城市交通学院,北京100124

出　　处：《交通工程》2018年第1期7-12,17,共7页Journal of Transportation Engineering

摘　　要：为了提高道路服务水平,减少道路交通事故,改善车辆设计,开发车载安全装置通过驾驶模拟器和交通仿真相结合的方法,深入探讨个体驾驶行为交通流特征的影响.首先,选取反映驾驶员特征的静态驾驶适性和动态驾驶适性2类指标,通过因子分析、主成份分析及聚类分析方法对驾驶行为特征进行提取,构建不同类型的驾驶行为特征分类.其次,利用驾驶模拟器采集到的实验数据,对不同类型驾驶行为的仿真模型参数进行校准.最后,通过交通仿真技术对不同类型的驾驶行为下交通流特征研究,主要集中在不同车道位置、不同行为下的交通流特征差异.研究结果表明,激进的驾驶行为仿真产生的最大交通量(2200 pcu/h)>中等驾驶行为(1800 pcu/h)>保守驾驶行为(1700 pcu/h),但激进驾驶行为下的交通流较其他行为显得更加不稳定.因此,提高道路安全水平,需针对呈现此类驾驶行为特征的驾驶员进行重点教育及培训.In order to improve the level of road services,reduce traffic crashes,improve vehicle design,and develop vehicle-mounted safety devices through a combination of driving simulators and traffic simulation,the impact of individual driving behavior on traffic flow characteristics is explored. Firstly,two types of indicators,i.e. static driving suitability and dynamic driving suitability,which reflect the characteristics of the driver are selected,and the driving behavior characteristics are extracted through factor analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis methods to construct different types of driving behavior feature categories. Second, using the experimental data collected by the driving simulator,the parameters of the simulation models of different types of driving behavior were calibrated.Finally,the characteristics of traffic flow under different types of driving behavior through traffic simulation technology are mainly focused on the differences in traffic flow characteristics under different lane locations and different behaviors. The results show that the simulation of aggressive driving behavior generates the highest traffic volume( 2200 pcu/h); the conservative driving behavior generates the lowest traffic volume( 1700 pcu/h); and moderate driving behavior generates 1800 pcu/h. More unstable.Therefore,to improve the level of road safety,it is necessary to provide key education and training for drivers who present such driving behavior characteristics.

关 键 词：驾驶行为 驾驶模拟器 交通仿真 交通流特征 聚类分析 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]