南阳市芝麻病虫草渍害发生规律及轻简化绿色防控技术研究  

Occurrence Regularity of Sesame Diseases,Insect Pests,Weeds,Waterlogging and Simplified Green Control Technology in Nanyang City

作　　者：谢富欣 李成焕 刘焱 张文菁 王飞雪 郑敏军 胡卫丽 

机构地区：[1]南阳市农业科学院,河南南阳473000

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2018年第1期59-66,共8页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家芝麻产业技术体系专项(CARS-15)

摘　　要：为了科学防治芝麻病虫草渍害,实现芝麻高产稳产优质高效等生产目标,2010—2016年连续进行了芝麻病虫草渍害的系统调查,同时2014—2016年对集成的芝麻病虫草渍害轻简化绿色防控技术进行试验。调查结果表明,河南省南阳市芝麻主要病害有立枯病、枯萎病、茎点枯病、白粉病、叶枯病和疫病,立枯病在苗期发生,其他病害在盛花中期及以后发生;主要虫害有小地老虎、甜菜夜蛾、棉铃虫、蚜虫和蟋蟀,苗期害虫主要是小地老虎,蟋蟀在盛花期后进行危害,其他害虫全生育期都可进行危害;芝麻田普遍发生的杂草有马唐、牛筋草、铁苋、马齿苋、狗尾草、小麦实生苗、稗草、小蓟、反枝苋,分区域发生的杂草有香附子、田旋花、苍耳、青葙、野西瓜苗、马泡瓜、苘麻,这些杂草随芝麻出苗而发生;芝麻生育期间降雨多、田间长时间积水时,易引起渍害发生,抗病耐渍性品种对渍害抵抗能力强。针对芝麻病虫草渍害发生规律,通过优化防治药剂和技术集成,研究出芝麻轻简化绿色防控技术,试验结果表明,应用该技术后比不防治的增产25.58%~52.17%,比常规防治的增产7.17%~13.51%,且一般年份产投比明显提高。In order to prevent and control sesame diseases,insect pests,weeds,waterlogging scientifically,and to achieve the production target of high yield,stable production,high quality and high efficiency of sesame,a systemic investigation on sesame diseases,insect pests,weeds,waterlogging was conducted continuously in 2010—2016,and the simplified green control technology for sesame diseases,insect pests,weeds,waterlogging was tested in 2014—2016. The survey results showed that the main diseases of sesame in Nanyang city were damping-off,Fusarium wilt,stem blight,powdery mildew,leaf blight and blight. Sesame damping-off occurred at the seedling stage,other diseases occurred in the middle and later flowering stage. The main pest insects were black cutworm,Spodoptera exigua,Helicoverpa armigera,aphids and crickets. The pest at seedling stage was mainly black cutworm,the crickets harmed after flowering stage,while other pests harmed during the whole growth period. The widespread weeds in sesame field were crabgrass,goosegrass,copperleaf,purslane,wiregrass,wheat seedlings,barnyardgrass,Herba cephalanoploris,Amaranthus retroflexus,regional weeds were Cyperus rotundus,Convolvulus arvensis,Xanthium sibiricum,Celosia argentea,wild watermelon seedlings,Cucumis bisexualis,Abutilon. These weeds came out along with sesame seedlings. During the growth period of sesame,the water in the field for a long time caused waterlogging. Waterlogging and disease resistant varieties had high resistance to waterlogging. According to the occurrence regularity of sesame diseases,insect pests,weeds,waterlogging,by optimization of chemicals and technology integration,simplified green control technology was developed. The tests showed that after using this technology,it could increase production by 25. 58% —52. 17% compared with no control,and by 7. 17% —13. 51% compared with the conventional control,and the ratio of production to investment in general years was significantly improved.

关 键 词：南阳市 芝麻 病害 虫害 草害 渍害 发生规律 轻简化绿色防控 

分 类 号：S435.653[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S48[农业科学—植物保护]