玉米杂交种及其亲本根伤流强度与地上部生物量的关系  

Relationship between Root Bleeding Intensity and Aboveground Biomass of Maize Hybrids and Their Parents

作　　者：何章[1] 夏冬冬[1] 徐晨[1] 刘冰[1] 白子裕 张治安[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学农学院,长春130118

出　　处：《吉林农业大学学报》2018年第1期7-16,共10页Journal of Jilin Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31171459);吉林省科技发展计划重大项目(20126033)

摘　　要：为了玉米高产高效栽培及杂种优势合理利用,采用吉林省主栽品种先玉335、良玉99、天农9以及相应的亲本,在相同条件下种植,于拔节期、大喇叭口期、吐丝期、灌浆期、乳熟期、蜡熟期分别取样并测定伤流及生物量,分析了玉米杂交种及其亲本根伤流强度与地上部生物量的关系。结果表明:杂交种在地上部各器官生物量方面具有明显的杂种优势,且单株干重增长率在拔节期最高,穗重增长率在灌浆期最高。杂交种与亲本在各时期各部分的生物量均呈显著或极显著差异。昼夜伤流强度的杂种优势率均在蜡熟期有最大值,伤流强度日变化在拔节期呈"早晚高、中午低"的变化,在灌浆期处于较为稳定的变化,在成熟期随时间推进呈现下降趋势。杂交种及其亲本的昼伤流强度在拔节期达到最大值,随后迅速下降,再缓慢升高到灌浆期达到另一个峰值;夜伤流强度在吐丝期、灌浆期、乳熟期保持较高水平。杂交种的生物量和伤流强度均大于其亲本,各时期均达到显著或极显著水平,各时期昼夜伤流强度与地上部生物量相关分析表明,伤流强度与地上部生物量均呈正相关,亲本昼夜伤流强度与地上部各器官生物量在吐丝期、灌浆期、乳熟期均呈显著正相关,而杂交种只在吐丝期呈显著正相关。For high yield and high efficiency cultivation of maize and rational utilization of heterosis,the main varieties of Jilin province Xianyu 335,Liangyu 99,Tiannong 9 and their corresponding parents were planted as test materials under the same conditions to analyze the relationship between root bleeding intensity and aboveground biomass of maize hybrids and their parents,sampling and measuring bleeding quantity and biomass respectively at jointing stage,large trumpet stage,silking stage,grain filling stage,milk stage and dough stage. The results show that the hybrids had obvious heterosis in the aboveground biomass,the growth rate of dry weight per plant was the highest at jointing stage,and the growth rate of panicle weight was the highest at grain filling stage. There were significant or extremely significant differences in the biomass of the hybrids and their parents at eachstage. The heterosis rates of day and night bleeding intensity had the highest value at dough stage,and the diurnal variation of bleeding intensity was ＂high in the morning and in the evening and low at noon＂at jointing stage,and it decreased as time went on mature stage. The daily bleeding intensity of hybrids and their parents reached the maximum at jointing stage,then decreased rapidly,and then slowly increased to another peak around the grain filling stage,while nighttime bleeding intensity remained high at silking stage,grain filling stage and milk stage. The biomass and bleeding intensity of the hybrids were significantly higher than those of their parents,and all of them reached significant or extremely significant levels. The correlation between daytime and nighttime bleeding intensity and aboveground biomass showed that there was a positive correlation,and there was a close relationship between the daytime and nighttime bleeding intensity of the parents and the biomass of the aboveground organs at silking stage,filling stage and milk stage,while hybrids were closely related at silking stage.

关 键 词：玉米 伤流强度 地上部生物量 杂交种 亲本 杂种优势 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]