“有点儿”的句法性质和语义功能  

Grammatical characteristics and semantic functions of adverb youdianr

作　　者：范晓蕾[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系/中国语言学研究中心,100871

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2018年第2期81-90,共10页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金项目"语义地图及语言接触视角下的汉语时体态研究"(编号:16YYC026);国家社会科学基金重大项目"功能-类型学取向的汉语语义演变研究"(编号:14ZDB098);北京大学中文系自主科研项目"北方方言的时体范畴研究"(编号:2015ZZKY04)的资助

摘　　要：本文旨在剖析程度义"有点儿"的句法性质和语义功能,并简析了它的语法化过程。第一,"有点儿"一系列特异表现说明它不是纯粹的程度副词,在很大程度上保留了动词的句法性质,其后的谓词性成分有指称性。所以,表变化义的"有点儿+AP/VP+了"格式应具有平行于"有点儿+NP+了"的结构层次,即"(有点儿AP/VP)+了_2"。第二,"有点儿"虽以搭配消极义、中性义的成分为主,但也可有条件地搭配积极义的成分。"有点儿"的搭配倾向表明它不仅表达程度轻微,也隐含"相异于另一状态"的意义,其典型表现是反预期义,这容易带上不如意的主观义。由此便能解释"有点儿"为何倾向搭配消极义成分而遇到"了"就可自由搭配积极义成分的现象。The present paper re-examines the grammatical characteristics and semantic functions of the degree adverb youdianr（有点儿）（ ＇a little’） in Mandarin Chinese. First, it is found that youdianr is far from a full adverb as the previous studies assumed but keeps the predicative nature to a large extent since it demonstrates a series of special syntactic behaviors. Thus, the structure of ＂youdianr 4- AP/VP4-le＇ should be paralleled with that of ＇youdianr4- NP 4- le2 ’ , i. e. ＇ （ youdianr ＋ AP/VP） 4- le2 ’. Second, though often taking APs/VPs which denote undesirable situations, youdianr can conditionally co-occur with APs/VPs denoting desirable situations as well. It shows that the situation in which youdianr appears differs from other situations, and this leads to the subjective meaning of ‘undesira- bility’, that is, the situation in question differs from people＇s expectation. This semantic a- nalysis can explain why youdianr tends to collocate with APs/VPs denoting undesirable situations but can come to accommodate those denoting desirable situations when the particle le occurs.

关 键 词：有点儿 程度副词 指称性 不如意 反预期 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]