青藏高原中东部表层土壤中多环芳烃的分布特征、来源及生态风险评价  

Distribution,Sources,and Ecological Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs) in Soils of the Central and Eastern Areas of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：周雯雯 李军[2] 胡健[3] 朱兆洲[2] 

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学地理与环境科学学院,天津300387 [2]天津师范大学天津市水资源与水环境重点实验室,天津300387 [3]中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室,贵阳550002

出　　处：《环境科学》2018年第3期1413-1420,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重大科学研究计划项目(2013CB956401);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07503003001);国际(地区)合作与交流项目(4161101324);国家自然科学基金项目(41172315);天津市水资源与水环境重点实验室开放基金项目

摘　　要：2013年7~8月采集了青藏高原中东部地区55个表层土壤样品,对土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)的分布特征、来源等进行了研究,并对表层土壤中的PAHs进行了生态风险评价.土壤样品进行超声萃取,HLB固相萃取小柱净化后,采用GC-MS对土壤中美国EPA优先控制的16种PAHs进行了检测分析.研究区域土壤中16种PAHs的总量为40.47~1 276.40μg·kg-1,平均值为267.97μg·kg-1.以2~3环的PAHs为主,占PAHs的质量分数为47.15%~88.51%,平均值为70.90%,其中菲所占质量分数最高.用比值法和主成分分析法进行来源解析,结果显示青藏高原中东部土壤中PAHs主要来源于石油燃烧和生物质的燃烧.土壤中苯并(a)芘的毒性当量浓度TEQBa P范围为3.73~79.32μg·kg-1,平均值为12.84μg·kg-1.有4%的采样点超过荷兰土壤标准目标值(33.00μg·kg-1),青藏高原中东部少部分表层土壤存在潜在的生态风险.Fifty-five soil samples were collected across the central and eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau during July to August in 2013.These were analyzed for the sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） called out by the USA EPA. The concentration characteristics,sources,and potential ecological risk assessment of the sixteen PAHs in the soils were investigated. The soils were extracted by ultrasonic extraction,purified by an HLB solid-phase extraction column,and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）. The total PAH concentrations ranged from 40. 47 to 1276. 40 μg·kg^-1,with a mean of 267. 97 μg·kg^-1.Low-ring PAHs（two and three rings PAHs） were dominant in all samples,and the proportion of phenanthrene was the highest. The sources of PAHs were assessed by diagnostic ratios and a principal component analysis（PCA）,which indicated that the main sources of the PAHs originated from petroleum and biomass combustion. The toxic equivalent concentration（TEQ） concentration of benzopyrene-（a）-pyrene（TEQBa P） in soils ranged from 3. 73 to 79. 32 μg·kg^-1,with an average concentration of 12. 84 μg·kg^-1.The TEQBa Pin 4% of the soil samplings exceeded the Dutch target reference value（33. 00 μg·kg^-1）,suggesting that a small portion of the soils in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau have potential ecological risk.

关 键 词：青藏高原 土壤 多环芳烃 来源 生态风险评价 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4