从《元经》看王通北魏正统的确立依据——兼评孝文帝的门阀制度重建  

The Criterion Justifying the Northern Wei's Orthodoxy in the Primordial Classic and The Emperor Xiaowen's Rehabilitation of Hereditary Houses

作　　者：胡克森[1] 

机构地区：[1]邵阳学院文学院

出　　处：《史林》2018年第1期50-65,219,共16页Historical Review

基　　金：湖南省教育厅重点社科项目"北魏在中华文明连续发展链条中的地位研究"(批准号:12A125)阶段性研究成果;湖南省"十二五"重点建设学科(湘教发[2011]76号)资助

摘　　要：《元经》是王通撰写的一部为分辨南北正统的编年体史书,其正统标准不是血缘种族,而是文化传承。"元嘉之治"是东晋南朝的鼎盛时期,也是南朝士族津津乐道的文化盛世,但宋孝武帝上台,大肆重用寒门,门阀势力趋于衰落,南朝的社会风气全面衰败:弑父杀兄、宫室乱伦成为常态,从而被北朝士人看作南朝正统开始丧失的标志性事件。萧道成上台,更是对士族大开杀戒,导致士人纷纷北逃,王通四世祖王虬就是这些众多北逃士族之一;而此时的北魏,却推行汉化改革,重用汉族士人,重建门阀制度,礼乐文化全面复兴。于是王通将萧道成篡位的第二年,即太和四年作为北魏正统的起始年份。北魏孝文帝重建门阀制度加快了拓跋部落的封建化进程,是其赢得正统的重要举措,应该给以正面评价。Yuanjing,was an annals authored by a prominent Confucian known as Wang Tong in Sui.Wang held that the Yuanjia Restoration politico-economico-culturally marked the golden ages of the Eastern Jin and the Southern Dynasties.But then in the reign of the Emperor Xiaowu,the officials of humble origins rose to prominence and the traditional hereditary houses declined greatly,so that the Southern Dynasties became culturally and morally decadent.Worst of all,when mounting the throne,the founding emperor of the Southern Qi bloodily purged the hereditary houses and consequently many highly educated people had to flee to the Northern Dynasties.Among the refugees,there was one of Wang's forefathers.But meanwhile,the Northern Wei enthusiastically and effectively promoted the Sinicization whereby the educated Han people were attached greater importance and the traditional Chinese culture rehabilitated.

关 键 词：《元经》 王通 北魏正统依据 门阀制度 

分 类 号：K204.3[历史地理—历史学] K239.21[历史地理—中国史]