可持续生计视域下的岷江上游山区生态旅游发展模式  

Ecotourism development model in the upper reaches of Min River from the sustainable livelihood standpoint view

作　　者：刘延国[1] 王青[1] 廖彦淞[2] 杜杰[2] 

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学环境与资源学院,四川绵阳621010 [2]四川大学建筑与环境学院,四川成都610045

出　　处：《旅游研究》2018年第2期37-49,共13页Tourism Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"岷江上游山区聚落生态位图谱与影响尺度"(41071115);"岷江上游河谷聚落对泥石流灾变的响应机制研究"(41371185)

摘　　要：生态旅游发展促进区域农户可持续生计目标的实现,区域农户生计可持续性对生态旅游发展提供支撑。基于可持续生计框架,构建以生态旅游为导向的岷江上游可持续生计评估指标体系,应用灰色系统理论与熵值赋权法,对5县域2012、2014及2016年3个时段27个指标构成的生计资本进行定量评估,分析其差异性及主控指标,提出县域生态旅游发展的差异化策略及协同发展建议。结果表明:生计资本评估指数跨度大,自然资本优势明显,金融资本处于明显劣势,加之人力、社会和物质资本指数也不高,限制了其将旅游资源转化为资本及收益的能力;生计资本指数逐年提高,生态旅游对生计影响的正效应逐步提升;自然保护(景)区与典型的藏羌民族村寨为核心,实现景区—村寨发展一体化,构建差异化的线路及网路旅游模式,进行生态旅游产业全链条设计,形成全域一体化组织实施的协同发展模式。Ecotourism development promotes the realization of regional sustainable livelihood goals,and regional livelihood sustainability provides the support for the development of ecotourism.Based on the sustainable livelihood framework,an ecotourism-oriented sustainable livelihood assessment index system is constructed. By means of using the gray system theory and entropy method,this paper quantitatively evaluates the livelihood capital of 27 indicators in 5 countiesof upper reaches of Min River in 2012,2014 and 2016,analyzes the difference and the main control index,and puts forward the differentiation strategy of county ecotourism development and collaborative development proposals.And the results are as follows: 1) Livelihoods capital evaluation indexes are obviously different and natural capital has obvious advantages,but financial capital has significant disadvantage,and physical capital,social capital and human capital are lower,which have limited the rate of transforming the ecological resources advantage into capital and earning capacity. 2) The livelihood capital index has increased year by year,and the positive effect of ecotourism on livelihood impact is gradually improved.3) We should take natural protection zone and typical Tibetan and Qiang ethnic villages as the core to achieve the integration of scenic spot-village,construct differentiated lines and network tourism model,design the whole chain of ecotourism industry,and form a global integrated organization to implement the collaborative development model.

关 键 词：可持续生计 生态旅游 熵权法 岷江上游 

分 类 号：F59[经济管理—旅游管理]