社群主义对自由主义的三大批判  

Three Types of Communitarian Critiques of Liberalism

作　　者：杨赟 高力克[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学公共管理学院政治学系 [2]浙江大学传媒与国际文化学院,教授杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2018年第3期54-60,34,共8页Zhejiang Social Sciences

摘　　要：面对当代自由主义所隐含的个人主义泛滥、道德缺失、国家职能弱化等阙失,社群主义三大主将桑德尔、麦金太尔、泰勒分别从哲学、道德和政治三方面对其展开理论批判。社群主义的批判揭示了自由主义的理论短板,并且促使后者进行了理论调整。然而,过于强调共同体和共同善之优先性的社群主义,一方面难以避免其在正义问题上的相对主义立场,从而削弱了其批判并改进现实政治的功能;另一方面由于其低估了个人权利和共同善爆发冲突的可能性和烈度,从而为极权主义的产生留下了空间。As the mainstream ideology of modern western thought circle, Liberalism leads the western society to break out in three major crisis——the spread of extreme individualism, the deficiency of morality and the weakening of state functions——which stimulates three representative figures of Communitarianism,Michael Sandel, Alasdair Macintyre, Charles Taylor, to carry out comprehensive and profound criticism of it in three aspects of philosophy, ethics and politics. The criticism of Communitarianism helps people understand the essence of Liberalism and promote the latter to reflect and improve its own theory, but Communitarianism overemphasizes the priority of community and common good.On the one hand it leads to a relativist position on the issue of justice, which weakens its function of criticizing and improving the political reality;on the other hand it underestimates the possibility and intensity of the conflict between individual rights and common good and leaves the space for Totalitarianism.

关 键 词：社群主义 自由主义 个体 共同体 权利 善 

分 类 号：D091[政治法律—政治学]